unit one: history (ch. 1) Flashcards
max wertheheimer
year, wave, and belief/info
- 1880-1943
- wave two: gestalt psychology
- gestalt psychologist
- argued against dividing human thought and behavior into discrete structures
wave two: gestalt psychology
which wave, when, by who, what is it?
- wave two: gestalt psychology
- 1880-1943 —> max wertheimer
- max wertheimer
- tried to examine a person’s total experience because the way we experience the world is more than just an accumulation of various perceptual experiences.
- gestalt theorists demonstrated that the whole experience is often more than just the sum of the parts of the experience
define psychology
the science (or study) of behavior and mental processes
trepidation
which wave, when, by who, what is it?
- wave one: introspection
- stone age
- archeologist found evidence suggesting this occured
- stone age humans carving holes through the skull done to release evil spirits.
identify ancient greek and progressing into 1800s roots of human studies: rene descartes (1595-1650)
agreed with socrates and plato that the existence of innate ideas and the mind’s being “entirely distinct from the body” and able to survive its death.
identify ancient greek and progressing into 1800s roots of human studies: aristotle (384-322 B.C.)
his observations told him that “the soul is not separable from the body, and the same holds good of particular parts of the soul.”
identify ancient greek and progressing into 1800s roots of human studies: socrates (469-399 B.C.) AND plato (428-348 B.C.)
him and his student plato concluded that the mind is separable from the body and continues after the body dies, and that knowledge is innate—born within us.
identify ancient greek and progressing into 1800s roots of human studies: sir francis bacon (1561-1626)
- became one of the founders of modern science because of his influential experiments that linger into today’s psychological science.
- wrote that “the human and understanding, from its peculiar nature, easily supposes a greater degree of order and equality in things than it really finds.”
- empiricism
novum organum
which wave, when, by who, what is it?
- sir francis bacon
- “the human and understanding, from its peculiar nature, easily supposes a greater degree of order and equality in things than it really finds.”
identify ancient greek and progressing into 1800s roots of human studies: john locke (1632-1704)
- famously argued that the mind at birth is a blank slate– a “white paper”– on which experience writes.
- empiricism
wilhem wundt
year, wave, and belief/info
- 1832-1920
- father of psychology
- trained subjects in introspection
- wave structuralism
- established the first psychology laboratory at the university of leipzig, germany
wave one: introspection
which wave, when, by who, what is it?
- wave one: introspection
- 1832-1920 –> wilhlem wundt
- wilhem wundt
- the subjects were asked to record accurately their cognitive reactions to simple stimuli..
- by doing this wundt hoped to examine basic cognitive structures.
structuralism
which wave, when, by who, what is it?
- wave one: introspection
- 1832-1920
- wilhem wundt and titchner
- the idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations.
william james
year, wave, beliefs/info
- 1842-1910
- wave one: introspection
- functionalism
- created the first psychology textbook which examined how these structures wundt identified function in our lives.
the principles of psychology
which wave, when, by who, what is it?
- written by william james in 1890
- the science’s (psychology) first textbook.
- james examined how these structures wundt identified function in our lives.
- functionalism
functionalism
which wave, when, by who, what is it?
- wave one: introspection
- 1842-1910 —> william james
- a school of psychology (theory) that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
mary whiton calkins
year, wave, beliefs/info
- 1863-1930
- wave one: introspection
- student of william james
- became president of the american psychological association 1905
- completed her doctoral studies but harvard refused to award her a Ph.D. because, at the time, they did not grant doctoral degrees to women
margaret floy washburn
year, wave, beliefs/info
- 1871-1939 (after mary)
- wave one: introspeciton
- wrote the animal mind
- second pres. of apa
- the (very) first women to earn a Ph.D. in psychology
- known for her experimental work involving animal behavior and sensation/perception processes (think margaret from the regular show)
g. stanely hall
year, wave, beliefs/info
- 1844-1924
- wave one: introspection
- student of william james
- pioneered the study of child development and was the (first) president of the american psychological association (not mary whiton calkins)
- studied with both wundt and James, set up first psychology research lab in north america
wave three: psychoanalysis
which wave, when, by who, what is it?
- wave three: psychoanalysis
- 1856-1939 –> signmund freud
- sigmund freud
- a theory developed by freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
- freud believed in order to understand human thought and behavior we must examine the unconscious mind through psychoanalytical therapy.
psychoanalytical therapy.
year, wave, who, info
- 1865-1939
- wave three: psychoanalysis
- sigmund freud
- to examine the unconscious mind (how to understand human thought and behavior) we must examine it through techniques like dream analysis, word association, etc.
