unit five: baron's 3 (69-74) Flashcards
neouroscience or biopsychological perspective
the influence of biology on psychology
neuroanatomy
refers to the study of the parks and functions of neurons
neurons
are individual nerve cells. these cells make up our entire nervous system
dendrites
rootlike parts of the cell that stretch out from the cell body. dendrities trow to make synaptic connections with other neurons
cell body/ soma
contains the nucleus and other parts of the cell needed to sustain its life
axon
wire like structure ending in the terminal buttons that extends from the cell body
myelin sheath
a fatty covering around the axon of some neurons that speeds neural impulses
terminal buttons
aka end buttons, synaptic knobs or terminal branches of axon: the branched end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters
neurotransmitters
chemicals contained in terminal buttons that enable neurons to communicate. neurotransmitters fit into reception sites on the dendrites of neurons like a key fits into a lock
synapse
the space between the terminal buttons of one neurons and the dendirties of the next neuron
receptor sites
reaction between the terminal buttons of neurons A stimulate and release neurotransmitters into the synapse. these fit into the receptor sites on the the dendrities of neuron B.
threshold
if enough neurotransmitters are received
action potential
the change in charge spreads down the length of neuron B like a bullet from a gun. electrical firing
all or none principle
when a neuron fires completely. if the dendrities of a neuron receive enough neurotransmitters to push the neuron past it’s threshold the neuron will fire completely each time. a neuron cannot fire a little or a lot
excitatory neurotransmitter
meaning that they excite the next cell into firing
inhibitory neurotransmitters
meaning that they inhibit the next cell from firing
nervous system
brings information from our sense to our brain
our bodies two wires
- take information to the brian
2. take instructions back from the brain to the muscles
afferent neurons
take information from the senses to the brain.
add aren’t nerves as taking information in AT the brain
interneurons
once information teachers the brain or spinal cord this neuron takes the message and sends them elsewhere in the brain or on to efferent neurons
efferent neurons
take information from the brain to the rest of the body.
efferent nerves carry information that EXIT the brain
our nervous system is divided into different categories based on function
center al and peripheral nervous systems
CNS central nervous system
consists of brain and spinal cord
spinal cord
all the nerves housed within the bone.
PNS peripheral nervous system
consists of all the other beavers in your body— all nerves not encased in bone
- somatic
- autonomic nervous systems
somatic nervous system
controls our voluntary muscle movements
autonomic nervous system
controls the automatic functions of our body— our hearts lung etc. controls responses to stress— fight or flight
sympathetic nervous system
mobilized our body to respond to stress. carries messages to the control systems of the organs glands muscles etc that direct our body’s response to stress
parasympathetic nervous system
responsible for slowing down our body after a stressful response. it carries messages to the stress response system that causes our body to slow down
brain
controls most of human thought and behavior
phineas gage and accidents
- damages the front part of his brain
- doctors noted that gage was more emotional and impulsive after accident
- concludes that that part of the brain that was damaged also controlled emotion
lessioning
the removal or destruction of the brain. never done purely for experimental purposes. doctors decide that the best treatment can be surgical removing some part of the brain. this is when it is done
