unit one

Question 1

what is holistic care?

Answer 1

focusing on the whole person, placing them at the center of care

Question 2

what are the five components of holistic care?

Answer 2

mind, body, spirit, emotion, environment

Question 3

holistic care considers all components of health

there are 4

Answer 3

• health promotion
• health maintenance
• health education
• illness prevention, restorative care, palliation

Question 4

what are the steps in the chain of infection?

Answer 4

1. infectious agent
2. reservoir
3. portal of exit
4. vehicle (mode of transmission)
5. portal of entry
6. susceptibility

Question 5

what factors influence tranmission of the infectious agent?

Answer 5

• type of organism
• number of organisms present
• source of transmission and destination
• size and virulence of microorganisms

Question 6

what is an infectious agent?

Answer 6

microorganisms, such as bacteria, virus, fungi, and protozoa

Question 7

what is a reservoir?

Answer 7

an environment that supports the microorganism to live and multiply

Question 8

what is a portal of exit and portal of entry? what are some common portals?

Answer 8

• exit is a way to leave the host
• entry is a way into the host
• common portals are mucous membranes, breaks in skin, and blood/body fluids

Question 9

what is a vehicle (mode of transmission)? what 2 ways does this occur?

Answer 9

• how microorganisms travel from one person to another
• occurs through direct and indirect contact

Question 10

what is droplet transmission

Answer 10

• large droplets (>5 microns) are propelled a short distance (< 1m)
• surfaces or objects become contaminated (doorknobs, bedside tables)

Question 11

what is airborne transmission?

Answer 11

• microorganisms < 5 microns remain suspended in the air
• source of exposure is usually inhilation

Question 12

what is the difference between direct and indirect transmission?

Answer 12

• direct requires physical contact between hosts
• indirect involves contact with bodily fluids or tissues of an infected person

Question 13

what is the difference between vehicle and vector borne transmission?

Answer 13

• vector borne is a living organism that contains a disease-causing agent, like mosquitos or ticks
• vehicle borne is when a non living object carries a disease-causing agent on it, like cooking utencils or clothing

Question 14

what factors increase susceptability to infection?

Answer 14

• immune system
• age
• holistic health

Question 15

how to break the chain of infection:
infectious agent

Answer 15

• clean contaminated objects
• clean, disinfect, and sterilize

Question 16

how to break the chain of infection:
reservoir

Answer 16

• perform hand hygiene before and after contact
• change soiled dressings
• keep surfaces clean and dry
• keep solutions tightly capped

Question 17

how to break chain of infection:
portal of exit

Answer 17

• cover nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing
• wear PPE when handling blood and bodily fluids

Question 18

how to break chain of infection:
vehicle (mode of transmission)

Answer 18

• hand hygiene
• don’t shake bed linen or clothes; use damp cloth
• discard items that touched the floor

Question 19

how to break chain of infection:
portal of entry

Answer 19

• maintain skin and mucous membrane integrity
• cover and clean wounds
• keep drainage systems closed and intact, maintaining downward flow

Question 20

how to break chain of infection:
susceptible host

Answer 20

• provide adequate nutrition
• ensure adequate rest
• provide immunizations

Question 21

what are the body’s specific and nonspecific defenses?

Answer 21

• skin and normal flora
• mouth and mucous membranes
• inflammation (acute and chronic)

Question 22

what is a nosocomial infection? what are some common types?

Answer 22

• infections aquired during hospitalization
• pneumonia
• surgical site infections
• UTIs
• GI and skin infections
• e. coli, s. aureus