unit eleven

Question 1

what are the 2 stages of sleep?

Answer 1

1. nonrapid eye movement (NREM): reduction of brain wave activity
2. rapid eye movement (REM): active period of sleep

Question 2

what happens during NREM?

Answer 2

1. brain muscles slow, feels drowsy and relaxed, light sleep for seconds, easily awakes
2. eye movement slows, body and brain keep relaxing, person can be aroused but not as easy
3. brain waves are very slow and body is relaxed, no eye movement, deepest sleep, difficult to rouse

Question 3

what happens during REM?

Answer 3

• increased brain activity, temporary muscle paralysis
• physiological fluctuations and dreams occur
• increased HR and BP, muscle twitching

Question 4

why is sleep important?

Answer 4

essential for health, body function, and healing

Question 5

what are some sleep hygiene practices?

Answer 5

• regular sleep and wake times
• regular meals
• less caffiene
• warm dark environments
• avoid TV and computers 1 hour before bed
• avoid alcohol

Question 6

what are 6 common sleep disorders?

Answer 6

1. insomnia: inadequate quality/quantity of sleep, difficulty falling/staying asleep
2. hypersomnia: excessive sleepiness
3. narcolepsy: falling asleep at any given moment
4. sleep apnea: >5 episodes of intermittent cessation of airflow causing sleep arousal
5. restless leg syndrome: tingling, cramping, crawling sensation of lower legs, worsens at rest
6. parasomnia: unusal movements, behaviours, emotions, and dreams

Question 7

what are the 2 types of grief?

Answer 7

1. normal/uncomplicated: physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural respsonses
2. complicated: prolonged and intense emotional distress interfering with daily functioning

Question 8

what roles do nurses have during the final stages of dying?

Answer 8

1. provide pain relief
2. general comfort measures
3. oral hygiene
4. bowel management
5. manage urinary incontinence
6. manage fatigue
7. support breathing
8. manage restlessness
9. manage anxiety