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Gross Anatomy II > Unit I: Superficial Structures of the Neck and Triangles of the Neck > Flashcards

Unit I: Superficial Structures of the Neck and Triangles of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

ORIGIN of the Platysma muscle

A

Superficial fascia over the PECTORALIS MAJOR and DELTOID muscles

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2
Q

INSERTION of the Platysma muscle

A

LOWER border of the MANDIBLE and the ANGLE of the mouth

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3
Q

NERVE supply to the Platysma muscle

A

Cervical branch of FACIAL nerve (C.N. VII)

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4
Q

FUNCTION of the Platysma muscle

A

DEPRESSES the Mandible and DRAWS down the corner of the mouth (shuts the mouth)

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5
Q

ORIGIN of the Sternocleidomastoid

A

1) Sternal head: Front of the MANIBRIUM

2) Clavicular head: MEDIAL third of the CLAVICLE

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6
Q

INSERTION of the Sternocleidomastoid

A

1) LATERAL surface of the MASTOID process

2) LATERAL half of the SUPERIOR NUCHAL LINE

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7
Q

NERVE supply to the Sternocleidomastoid

A

Spinal Accessory nerve (C.N. XI)

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8
Q

FUNCTION of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Chief FLEXOR of the HEAD

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9
Q

ORIGIN of the Trapezius

A

1) EXTERNAL occipital protuberance
2) Ligamentum nuchae
3) Spinous processes of seventh cervical and ALL thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

INSERTION of the Trapezius

A

1) LATERAL third of the Clavicle
2) Spine of Scapula
3) Acromion process

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11
Q

NERVE supply to the Trapezius

A

1) Spinal Accessory nerve (C.N. XI)

2) C3 and C4 from Cervical plexus

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12
Q

FUNCTION of the Trapezius

A

1) UPPER portion ELEVATES
2) MIDDLE portion RETRACTS
3) LOWER portion DEPRESSES the scapula

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13
Q

This muscle functions in Scapulohumeral rhythm

A

Trapezius

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14
Q

The Trapezius helps with this by aiding in upward rotation of the scapula is produced primarily by the upper and lower fibers of the trapezius as well as the serratus anterior muscle.

A

Scapulohumeral rhythm

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15
Q

Origins of the Trapezius are all found here

A

Midline

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16
Q

Insertions of the Trapezius are all found here

A

Lateral

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17
Q

A pathological contraction of the SCM. The head is tilted TOWARD the affected side while the face is pointed AWAY from the affected side. There are 3 different types: Congenital, Muscular, and Spasmodic

A

Torticollis

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18
Q

This disorder results from a fibrous tissue tumor which develops at or shortly BEFORE birth, It is VERY rare

A

Congenital Torticollis

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19
Q

This disorder is caused by a birth injury during the birthing process

A

Muscular Torticollis

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20
Q

This disorder occurs in adults and is due to abnormal tonicity. Often responds well to chiropractic. Can be caused by a number of factors including: whiplash, sports injuries, viral infections. This is the MOST COMMON.

A

Spasmodic Torticollis

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21
Q

This is the LARGEST SUPERFICIAL vein of the neck. It drains the FACE and the SCALP and also contains a large amount of cerebral blood

A

External Jugular vein

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22
Q

The External Jugular vein is formed BELOW the PAROTID gland by the union of these two veins

A

1) Retromandibular vein

2) Posterior Auricular vein

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23
Q

This vein runs DOWNWARD and BACKWARD along the LATERAL surface of the SCM and empties into the SUBCLAVIAN vein

A

External Jugular vein

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24
Q

This tributary of the external jugular vein is formed at the joining of the maxillary vein and the superficial temporal vein in FRONT of the ear. This vein combines with the Posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular vein.

A

Retromandibular vein

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25
Q

This tributary of the external jugular vein formed from the collection of several venous tributaries situated BEHIND the ear. This vein combines with the Retromandibular vein to form the external jugular vein.

A

Posterior Auricular vein

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26
Q

This tributary of the external jugular vein drains blood from the posterior triangle and the occipital region.

A

Posterior external jugular vein

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27
Q

Tributaries of the External jugular vein

A

1) Retromandibular vein
2) Posterior Auricular vein
3) Posterior External jugular vein
4) Anterior jugular vein
5) Transverse cervical vein
6) Suprascapular vein

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28
Q

This is usually NOT seen topographically with normal venous pressure
Causes include:
•CHF
•superior vena cava obstruction can cause distention
•tumors (lung CA)
•Cardiac tamponade
Normal in: opera singers

A

Prominent External Jugular vein

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29
Q

This structure is found along the External jugular vein SUPERFICIAL to the the SCM

A

Superficial cervical lymph nodes

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30
Q

The TWO triangles of the neck that are divided by the SCM

A

1) Posterior triangle (behind SCM)

2) Anterior triangle (in front of SCM)

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31
Q

Anterior border of the Posterior Triangle

A

POSTERIOR border of the SCM

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32
Q

Posterior border of the Posterior Triangle

A

ANTERIOR border of the Trapezius

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33
Q

Inferior border of the Posterior Triangle

A

SUPERIOR border of the middle third of the CLAVICLE

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34
Q

This triangle lies BEHIND the SCM and does NOT contain any important visceral structures

A

Posterior Triangle

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35
Q

Superior border of the Anterior triangle

A

INFERIOR border of the MANDIBLE

36
Q

Anterior border of the Anterior triangle

A

ANTERIOR midline

37
Q

Posterior border of the Anterior triangle

A

ANTERIOR border of SCM

38
Q

The ____ of the Anterior triangle lies INFERIORLY at the jugular notch.

A

Apex

39
Q

The ____ of the Anterior triangle is formed by the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia, superficial cervical fascia, and platysma

A

roof

40
Q

Contents of the Anterior triangle

A

1) Submental triangle
2) Submandibular triangle (digastric)
3) Carotid triangle
4) Muscular triangle

41
Q

This division of the anterior triangle is the ONLY division that is UNPAIRED

A

Submental triangle

42
Q

Boundaries of the Submental triangle

A

Left and right ANTERIOR bellies of digastric and the body of the HYOID bone

43
Q

Forms the floor of the Submental triangle

A

Mylohyoid muscle

44
Q

This part of the anterior triangle contains minor veins and lymph nodes (drain lower lymph and lower floor of mouth)

A

Submental triangle

45
Q

This part of the anterior triangle is found BELOW the mandible and is paired.

A

Submandibular triangle

46
Q

Boundaries of the Submandibular triangle

A

1) Inferior border of the mandible
2) Anterior belly of the digastric
3) Posterior belly of the digastric

47
Q

These muscles form the FLOOR of the Submandibular triangle

A

Mylohyoid and Hyoglossus muscles

48
Q

This submandibular gland, parotid and sublingual, the internal carotid artery, facial artery, internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve are found in this triangle

A

Submandibular triangle

49
Q

This area of the ANTERIOR triangle contains many important neurovascular structures

A

Submandibular (digastric) triangle

50
Q

This is the most superficial and second largest salivary gland

A

Submandibular salivary gland

51
Q

This artery bifurcates in coratid triangle into internal and external coratid arteries

A

Common carotid artery

52
Q

This part of the anterior triangle is formed from the posterior belly of the digastric, the superior belly of the omohyoid and the anterior border of the SCM

A

Carotid triangle

53
Q

These muscles form the floor of the coratid triangle

A

Thyrohyoid, hyoglossus and inferior and middle constrictor muscles

54
Q

Contents of the Coratid triangle

A

Parts of the common and internal coratid arteries, external coratid artery and three of its branches (superior thyroid artery, facial artery, lingual artery), and the tributaries for the internal jugular vein

55
Q

This part of the anterior triangle is surrounded by the superior belly of the omohyoid, anterior midline of the neck, and the anterior border of the SCM. (meet at midline of the neck)

A

Muscular triangle

56
Q

This forms the floor of the muscular triangle

A

Posterior layer of the pretracheal fascia

57
Q

Contents of the muscular triangle

A

Sternohyoid, and sternothyroid muscles (thryoid gland, trachea, and esophagus)

58
Q

This bone is located between the MANDIBLE and the LARYNX and serves as a point of attachment for many muscles. Does NOT articulate with any bones and is completely suspended by muscles and ligaments

A

Hyoid bone

59
Q

Parts of the Hyoid bone

A

1) Body
2) greater horn
3) lesser horn

60
Q

This part of the hyoid bone is located anterior and inferior `

A

Body

61
Q

This part of the hyoid bone is located on each side of the bone and is a site for muscle attachments

A

Greater horn

62
Q

This part of the hyoid bone is NOT always present because it is cartilaginous and ossifies irregularly. Not always ossified.

A

Lesser horn

63
Q

This part of the hyoid bone is often broken in cases of strangulation

A

Lesser horn

64
Q

The function of this bone is to serve as a site of muscle attachment specifically for the Stylohyoid ligament

A

Hyoid bone

65
Q

This group of muscles is made up of 4 ribbion-like muscles that attach to the hyoid bone. They function primarily to move the hyoid bone and larynx

A

Infrahyoid muscles

66
Q

Muscles that make up the infrahyoid muscles

A

1) Omohyoid
2) Sternohyoid
3) Sternothyroid
4) Thyrohyoid

67
Q

Origin of the Omohyoid

A

Inferior belly– upper border of scapula

Superior belly – intermediate tendon of inferior belly

68
Q

Insertion of the Omohyoid

A

Inferior belly– tendon deep to the SCM muscle

Superior belly – body of the hyoid bone

69
Q

Nerve supply for the Omohyoid

A

Ansa cervicalis

C1, C2, C3

70
Q

Function of the Omohyoid

A

Depresses hyoid bone and larynx. (runs along the upper border of the scapula)

71
Q

Origin of the Sternohyoid

A

Posterior surface of manubrium, medial end of clavicle

72
Q

Insertion of the Sternohyoid

A

Body of the hyoid bone

73
Q

Nerve supply to the Sternohyoid

A

Ansa Cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

74
Q

Function of the Sternohyoid

A

Depresses the hyoid bone and larynx

75
Q

Origin of the Sternothyroid

A

Posterior surface of the manubrium, inferior to the origin of the sternohyoid

76
Q

Insertion of the Sternothyroid

A

Oblique line of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage

77
Q

Nerve supply to the Sternothyroid

A

Ansa Cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

78
Q

Function of the Sternothyroid

A

Depresses the larynx

79
Q

Origin of the Thyrohyoid

A

Oblique line on the lamina of the thyroid cartilage

80
Q

Insertion of the Thyrohyoid

A

Body of the hyoid bone

81
Q

Nerve supply to the Thyrohyoid

A

C1 through hypoglossal nerve

82
Q

Function of the Thyrohyoid

A

Depresses the hyoid bone

83
Q

These two muscles make up the SUPERFICIAL layer of the infrahyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid and sternohyoid

84
Q

These muscles make up the DEEP layer of the infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternothyroid and thyrohyoid

85
Q

Why all muscles to DEPRESS the HYOID bone and LARYNX? [functions]

A

1) SWALLOWING (most important)
2) Speech
3) breathing or respiration
4) If hyoid is fixed by infrahyoid muscles, that CHANGES the FUNCTION of the DIGASTRIC muscle (depresses/closes mandible)

Gross Anatomy II (7 decks)

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