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Gross Anatomy II > Unit I: Nerves of the Neck > Flashcards

Unit I: Nerves of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

This nerve emerges from the medulla oblongata and passes through the jugular foramen

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

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2
Q

The SIX branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

1) Tympanic nerve
2) Branch to the Carotid sinus
3) Pharyngeal branch
4) Branch to the Stylopharyngeus
5) Tonsillar branch
6) Lingual branch

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3
Q

This branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve supplies SENSORY input to the tympanic cavity and secretomotor (parasympathetic) to the parotid gland

A

Tympanic nerve

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4
Q

This branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve supplies SENSORY input both the Carotid sinus and the Carotid body

A

Branch to the Carotid sinus

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5
Q

This branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve UNITES with branches from the Vagus and Sympathetic trunk to form the Pharyngeal plexus. It also supplies SENSORY input to the pharynx

A

Pharyngeal branch

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6
Q

The three branches that form the Pharyngeal plexus

A

1) Pharyngeal branch of Glossopharyngeal nerve
2) Pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve
3) Branches to the Pharyngeal plexus from the branch of the Superior cervical ganglion of the Cervical sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

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7
Q

This nerve branch can:

1) sense pain in acute pharyngitis (sore throat)
2) Afferent (sensory) limb of gag reflex

A

Pharyngeal branch of Glossopharyngeal nerve

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8
Q

This branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve supplies MOTOR input to the stylopharyngeus muscle

A

Branch to the Stylopharyngeus

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9
Q

This branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve supplies SENSORY input to the mucous membrane over the TONSIL and soft palate

A

Tonsillar branch

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10
Q

This nerve branch can sense pain in Tonsillitis

A

Tonsillar branch of Glossopharyngeal nerve

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11
Q

This branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve supplies TASTE and general sensations to the POSTERIOR third of the tongue (oropharyngeal part)

A

Lingual branch

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12
Q

This nerve is the LONGEST cranial nerve in the body with an extensive distribution in the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen

A

Vagus nerve (CN X)

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13
Q

It is called the “wanderer”

A

Vagus nerve

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14
Q

This nerve emerges from the medulla oblongata and EXITS the skull through the jugular foramen along with the glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves.

A

Vagus nerve

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15
Q

This is where the Vagus, Accessory, and Glossopharyngeal nerves and the Internal Jugular vein EXIT the skull

A

Jugular foramen

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16
Q

Two ganglia of the Vagus in the NECK

A

1) Superior (jugular) ganglion

2) Inferior (Nodose) ganglion

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17
Q

This is located INSIDE of the Jugular foramen

A

Superior (jugular) ganglion

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18
Q

Branches of the Vagus in the HEAD and NECK

A

1) Meningeal branch
2) Auricular branch
3) Pharyngeal branch
4) Superior laryngeal nerve
5) Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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19
Q

This branch of the Vagus nerve arises from the SUPERIOR ganglion and supplies SENSORY input to the DURA mater

A

Meningeal branch

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20
Q

This nerve branch may be involved in Cervicogenic headaches

A

Meningeal branch of the Vagus nerve

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21
Q

This branch of the Vagus nerve arises from the SUPERIOR ganglion and supplies SENSORY input to the:

  • Auricle
  • floor of the external auditory meatus
  • tympanic membrane
A

Auricular branch

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22
Q

This nerve branch may be involved in sensing pain in the Otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)

A

Auricular branch of the Vagus nerve

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23
Q

This branch of the Vagus nerve arises from the INFERIOR ganglion. It is the chief MOTOR nerve to the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate.

A

Pharyngeal branch

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24
Q

Most of the fibers that form the Pharyngeal branch of the Vagus nerve original from this nerve.

A

Cranial part of the Accessory nerve

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25
Q

This plexus is the MOTOR supply to all the muscles of the pharynx EXCEPT the stylopharyngeus (innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve) and to all the muscles of the soft palate EXCEPT for the tensor veli palatini (innervated by trigeminal nerve)

A

Pharyngeal plexus

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26
Q

This branch of the Vagus nerve arises from the INFERIOR ganglion and then divides into 2 branches.

A

Superior Laryngeal nerve

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27
Q

The two branches of the Superior laryngeal nerve

A

1) internal laryngeal nerve

2) external laryngeal nerve

28
Q

This branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve (of Vagus) supplies SENSORY input to mucous membrane of the larynx SUPERIOR to the true vocal folds.

A

Internal Laryngeal nerve

29
Q

This branch of the Superior laryngeal nerve (of Vagus) supplies MOTOR input to the cricothyroid and inferior constrictor muscles

A

External laryngeal nerve

30
Q

This branch of the Vagus nerve arises from the Vagus WITHIN the thorax and then ascends back into the neck. It ascends in the groove between the trachea and the esophagus, and is closely related to the POSTERIOR surface of the thyroid gland.

A

Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

31
Q

This nerve branch is associated with the EFFERENT limb of gag reflex

A

Pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve

32
Q

This branch of the Vagus is SENSORY to the mucous membrane of the Larynx BELOW the true vocal folds and to the trachea.
-MOTOR to all of the muscles of the larynx EXCEPT the cricothyroid

A

Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

33
Q

Clinical consequences of damage to Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

A

1) Unilateral damage
- respiratory distress
- hoarseness (partial aphonia)
2) Bilateral damage
- complete aphonia may result in suffocation

34
Q

Causes of Recurrent Laryngeal nerve damage

A

1) Thyroid surgery (trauma)
2) Goiter or thyroid tumor
3) Lung tumor
4) Aortic anuerysm (left only)
- aortic arch developmentally at risk for aneurysm

35
Q

This nerve is formed from the union of TWO parts:

  • Cranial part
  • Spinal part
A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

36
Q

This part of the Accessory nerve originates from the Medulla oblongata. It joins with the Vagus nerve ABOVE the inferior vagal ganglion and EXITS through the jugular foramen.

A

Cranial part

37
Q

This part of the Accessory nerve originates from the SIDES of the spinal cord. It ascends through the foramen magnum and joins the other part of the accessory nerve for a short distance. Exits through the jugular foramen

A

Spinal part

38
Q

This part of the Accessory nerve supplies the Vagus with MOTOR fibers that travel in two areas.

A

Cranial part

39
Q

The motor fibers of the Accessory nerve travel in these TWO areas

A

1) Pharyngeal branch of the Vagus

2) Recurrent laryngeal nerve

40
Q

Motor fibers from the cranial part of the accessory nerve traveling in the Pharyngeal branch of the Vagus go to these two groups of muscles

A

Muscles of the Pharynx and Soft palate

41
Q

Motor fibers from the cranial part of the accessory nerve traveling in the Recurrent laryngeal nerve go to these muscles

A

Muscles of the Larynx

42
Q

The SPINAL part of the Accessory nerve is MOTOR to these two muscles

A

SCM and Trapezius

43
Q

This nerve is the MOTOR nerve to the tongue. It originates from the medulla oblongata and EXITS the skull through the hypoglossal canal.

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

44
Q

This nerve loops DOWNWARD and forward deep to the POSTERIOR belly and intermediate tendon of the digastric

A

Hypoglossal nerve

45
Q

Branches of the Hypoglossal nerve

A

1) Meningeal branches
2) Superior root of the Ansa Cervicalis
3) Nerves to the Thyrohyoid and Geniohyoid
4) Lingual branches

46
Q

This branch of the Hypoglossal nerve supplies the dura mater

A

Meningeal branches

47
Q

This branch of the Hypoglossal nerve consists mainly of C1 fibers and UNITES with the inferior root (C2 and C3) to form the Ansa cervicalis, which is the MOTOR to the infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid)

A

Superior root of the Ansa Cervicalis

48
Q

These branches of the Hypoglossal nerve consist of C1 fibers. They are the MOTOR supply to the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles

A

Nerves to Thyrohyoid and Geniohyoid

49
Q

These branches of the Hypoglossal nerve are MOTOR to the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Lingual branches

50
Q

This part of the Sympathetic trunk begins at the BASE of the skull and is continuous with the thoracic part of the trunk

A

Cervical part of the Sympathetic trunk

51
Q

These fibers supply the head and neck and originate from T1-T3. They then travel up the trunk to one of several cervical ganglia where they synapse

A

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers

52
Q

These fibers are distributed from the ganglia to the blood vessels, smooth muscle, and glands of the head and neck.

A

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers

53
Q

The four major branches of the Cervical sympathetic ganglia

A

1) Superior cervical ganglion
2) Middle cervical ganglion
3) Vertebral ganglion
4) Cervicothoracic (Stellate) Ganglion

54
Q

This branch of the cervical sympathetic ganglia lies from C1 to C3 immediately BELOW the base of the skull. It has 3 branches (internal carotid nerve, superior cervical cardiac nerve, branches to the pharyngeal plexus)

A

Superior cervical ganglion

55
Q

This branch of the Superior cervical ganglion is a relatively LARGE nerve that accompanies the internal carotid artery into the skull

A

Internal Carotid nerve

56
Q

This branch of the Superior cervical ganglion goes to the Cardiac plexus

A

Superior Cervical Cardiac nerve

57
Q

This branch of the superior cervical ganglion gives off its supply to the pharyngeal plexus

A

Branches to the Pharyngeal Plexus

58
Q

Branches of the Superior Cervical ganglion

A

1) Internal Carotid nerve
2) Superior cervical cardiac nerve
3) Branches to the Pharyngeal plexus

59
Q

This branch of the Cervical sympathetic ganglia lies at C6 level and has one branch (Middle cervical cardiac nerve)

A

Middle cervical ganglion

60
Q

This branch of the Middle cervical ganglion goes to the Cardiac plexus

A

Middle cervical cardiac nerve

61
Q

This branch of the Cervical sympathetic ganglia is found at the level of C7 and is fused with the middle or inferior cervical ganglion. It gives off one branch to the plexus along the vertebral artery.

A

Vertebral ganglion

62
Q

This branch of the Cervical sympathetic ganglia is formed from the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion to the first thoracic ganglion. It lies from C7 to T1.

A

Cervicothoracic (Stellate) ganglion

63
Q

This branch of the cervical sympathetic ganglia is located POSTERIOR to the vertebral artery and ANTERIOR to the transverse process of C7 and the neck of the first rib

A

Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion

64
Q

This branch of the Cervicothoracic ganglion goes to the Cardiac plexus

A

Inferior cervical cardiac nerve

65
Q

This is a nerve bundle that loops ANTERIOR to the subclavian artery connecting the vertebral ganglion to the cervicothoracic ganglion.

A

Ansa Subclavia

Gross Anatomy II (7 decks)

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