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Gross Anatomy II > Unit I: Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses > Flashcards

Unit I: Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Nasal cavity

A

1) To provide an airway
2) Olfaction
3) Warming and moistening of inspired air
4) Cleansing of inspired air

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2
Q

This extends from the nostrils (nares) anteriorly to the choanae posteriorly. It is divided into left and right chambers by the nasal septum

A

Nasal cavity

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3
Q

This divides the nasal cavity into left and right chambers

A

Nasal septum

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4
Q

Contents of the External nose

A

1) Tip
2) root
3) nares
4) alae

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5
Q

This part of the external nose is the free end of the nose

A

Tip

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6
Q

This part of the external nose connects the nose to the forehead

A

Root

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7
Q

This part of the external nose is called the nostrils

A

Nares

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8
Q

This part of the external nose is bound to the nares laterally

A

Alae

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9
Q

The ROOF of the nasal cavity is formed by these bones

A

1) nasal bone
2) frontal bone
3) cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
4) body of the sphenoid bone

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10
Q

The FLOOR of the nasal cavity is formed by these bones

A

1) palatine process of the maxilla

2) horizontal plate of palatine bone

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11
Q

The TWO bones that form the hard palate

A

1) palatine process of maxilla

2) horizontal plate of palatine bone

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12
Q

The MEDIAL wall of the nasal cavity is formed by these structures

A

1) Septal cartilage
2) Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
3) Vomer

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13
Q

The posterior apertures of the nasal cavity that open into the nasopharynx

A

Choanae

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14
Q

The LATERAL wall of the nasal cavity is formed by these structures

A

1) Nasal bone
2) Frontal process of the maxilla
3) Lacrimal bone
4) ethmoid bone
5) inferior nasal concha
6) perpendicular plate of the palatine bone
7) medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

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15
Q

The lateral wall of the nasal cavity is formed by a series of projections that jut medially into the nasal cavity

A

Conchae

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16
Q

Conchae of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

1) Superior nasal concha
2) Middle nasal concha
3) Inferior nasal concha (separate bone)

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17
Q

The superior nasal concha is formed from this bone

A

Ethmoid bone

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18
Q

The middle nasal concha is formed from this bone

A

Ethmoid bone

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19
Q

This is present ABOVE the superior nasal concha. It is also part of the ethmoid bone

A

Highest nasal concha

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20
Q

Functions of the Nasal Concha

A

1) INCREASES SURFACE AREA of nasal cavity and allow for moistening and warming of the air and cleaning it (more room)
2) INCREASES TURBULENCE of nasal cavity by increasing the contact with particles in the air and brings more air in contact with the oldfactory fibers

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21
Q

This is when the nasal septum does NOT lie in the median plane. A severe case of this can touch the lateral wall and cause breathing difficulties. It can also exacerbate snoring

A

Deviated septum

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22
Q

Causes of a deviated septum

A

1) Congenital malformation (rare)
2) birth injury (very delicate)
3) Postnatal trauma (breaking nose)

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23
Q

This is a small space located ABOVE and BEHIND the superior nasal concha. It receives the opening of the sphenoid sinus

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess

24
Q

This is a space BELOW the superior nasal concha. It receives the opening POSTERIOR ethmoidal cells

A

Superior meatus

25
Q

This is a space BELOW the middle nasal concha. It receives the openings of the

  • frontal sinus (frontonasal duct or infundibulum)
  • the maxillary sinus
  • the middle ethmoidal cells
  • anterior ethmoidal cells
A

Middle meatus

26
Q

This is a rounded projection into the middle meatus. The middle ethmoidal cells open onto this structure.

A

Ehtmoidal bulla

27
Q

A curved slit lying BELOW the ethmoidal bulla within the middle meatus. The frontonasal duct, anterior ethmoidal cells and maxillary sinus open into this slit

A

Hiatus semilunaris

28
Q

This is the space BELOW the inferior nasal concha. It receives openings of the nasolacrimal duct

A

Inferior meatus

29
Q

This connects the lacrimal sac of the orbit to the nasal cavity

A

Nasolacrimal duct

30
Q

This is the area JUST inside each nostril. It contains hair, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands

A

Nasal vestibule

31
Q

This is the LOWER two thirds of the nasal cavity

A

Respiratory region

32
Q

This is the superior nasal concha and the upper one-third of the nasal septum, It contains fibers of the oldfactory nerve (CN I) which passes down through the cribriform plate

A

Oldfactory region

33
Q

People over the age of 50 lose receptor cells in this area at a rate of 1% per year

A

Oldfactory area

34
Q

Special sensory innervation to the nasal cavity

A

Oldfactory nerve (CN I)

35
Q

General sensory innervation to the nasal cavity is from this nerve and its branches

A

Branches of the maxillary and opthalmic divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

36
Q

Autonomic innervation (BOTH sympathetic and parasympathetic) of the nasal cavity is from this structure

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion

37
Q

The primary blood supply to the nasal cavity if from these two arteries

A

1) Sphenopalatine branch of the maxillary artery (most important) [branch of external carotid]
2) anterior ethmoidal branch of the opthalmic artery [branch of internal carotid]

38
Q

This is a nosebleed that is common due to the richness of blood supply. There are two forms: mild and severe

A

Epistaxis

39
Q

This is a form of epistaxis that involves the small branches in or near the vestibule. Caused by minor trauma or low humidity

A

Mild form

40
Q

This is a form of epistaxis that involves spurting arterial blood. Results form a rupture of the sphenopalatine artery at one of its major anastomoses. Caused by major trauma (car accident)

A

Severe form

41
Q

Other causes for BOTH forms of epistaxis

A

1) Hypertension
2) blood disorders
3) cocaine abuse

42
Q

Lymph from the nasal cavity drains into this structure

A

Deep cervical nodes

43
Q

These are cavities found within the bones of the face. They develop as outgrowths of the nasal cavity. All of these open into the nasal cavity

A

Paranasal sinuses

44
Q

These openings of the nasal cavity facilitate drainage of the sinuses

A

Paranasal sinuses

45
Q

Formation of the paranasal sinuses is related to

A

1) Wolff’s law
2) decreased weight of the skull
3) can use to identify individuals after death

46
Q

This paranasal sinus lies IN the frontal bone and opens into the hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus via the frontonasal duct

A

Frontal sinus

47
Q

The frontal sinus opens into the hiatus semilunaris of the middle meatus via this duct

A

Frontonasal duct

48
Q

This is the LARGEST of the paranasal sinuses. It lies WITHIN the maxilla on each side lateral to the nasal cavity and inferior to the orbit.

A

Maxillary sinus

49
Q

This paranasal sinus opens into the hiatus semilunaris within the middle meatus.

A

Maxillary sinus

50
Q

This is the ONLY paranasal sinus that may be present at birht

A

Maxillary sinus

51
Q

This lies within the body of the sphenoid bone and opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess

A

Sphenoidal sinus

52
Q

This consists of several groups of ehtmoidal cells that lie within the ethmoid bone between the orbit and the nasal cavity

A

Ethmoidal sinus

53
Q

The groups of ethmoidal cells found within the ethmoidal sinus include

A

1) Posterior ethmoidal cells
2) Middle ethmoidal cells
3) Anterior ethmoidal cells

54
Q

Clinical significance of NASAL Cavity: A infection can spread to these regions:

A

1) Anterior cranial fossa
2) LACRIMAL apparatus
3) Nasopharynx
4) paranasal sinuses
5) middle ear
6) mastoid air cells

55
Q

Infection can spread from the nasal cavity to the ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA via this structure. It can lead to MENINGITIS

A

Cribriform plate where the oldfactory fibers come through

56
Q

Infection can spread from the nasal cavity to the LACRIMAL APPARATUS via this structure. It can lead to conjunctivitis

A

Conjunctiva via the nasolacrimal duct

Gross Anatomy II (7 decks)

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