Unit I: Sensory Innervation of the Neck and Head Flashcards
This nerve is the MOTOR supply to the muscles of facial expression
Facial Nerve (C.N. VII)
Paralysis of the facial nerve causing muscular weakness to one side of the face.
Bell’s Palsy
Branches of this nerve provide sensory innervation to the face.
Trigeminal nerve (C.N. V)
The Trigeminal nerve divides into these 3 branches BEFORE emerging onto the face
1) Opthalmic nerve
2) Maxillary nerve
3) Mandibular nerve
This nerve is the sensory supply for the FACE all the way to the vertex of the SCALP
Opthalmic nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve) (V1)
This nerve is the sensory supply to the CHEEK and area LATERAL to the ORBIT
Maxillary nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve) (V2)
This nerve is the sensory supply for the CHIN and TEMPORAL region. It is the most INFERIOR branch of the trigeminal nerve.
Mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve) (V3)
Subdivisions of the Opthalmic nerve
1) Supraorbital nerve
2) Supratrochlear nerve
3) External Nasal nerve
4) Infratrochlear nerve
5) Lacrimal nerve
This nerve is one of the branches of the Opthalmic nerve that comes out through a foramen in the orbit and provides sensory supply all the way to the vertex of the scalp
Supraorbital nerve
This nerve is one of the branches of the Opthalmic nerve that is more medial and supplies sensory input to the area SUPERIOR to the NOSE
Supratrochlear nerve
This nerve is one of the branches of the Opthalmic nerve that supplies sensory input to the OUTSIDE of the NOSE
External Nasal nerve
This nerve is a branch of the Opthalmic nerve that comes out BELOW the trochlear nerve and supplies sensory input to the area INFERIOR to the ORBIT
Infratrochlear nerve
This nerve is a branch of the Opthalmic nerve that supplies sensory input ABOVE the LATERAL aspect of the eye
Lacrimal nerve
This is a branch of the Maxillary nerve that supplies sensory input to the ANTERIOR TEMPORAL region of the face
Zygomaticotemporal nerve
This is a branch of the Maxillary nerve that supplies sensory input to the CHEEK bones
Zygomaticofacial nerve
This branch of the Maxillary nerve is very LARGE and supplies sensory input to the ENTIRE area BELOW or INFERIOR to the ORBIT. This is the MOST frequently injured nerve of the face when there is a blow to the face.
–Common in boxers
Infraorbital nerve
This branch of the Mandibular nerve is very LONG and supplies sensory input to the TEMPORAL region
Auriculotemporal nerve
This branch of the Mandibular nerve supplies sensory input to the CHEEK
Buccal nerve
This branch of the Mandibular nerve comes through an opening in the mandible and supplies sensory input to the CHIN
Mental nerve
This condition is characterized by SUDDEN attacks of SEVERE pain occurring in the area of SENSORY distribution of the TRIGEMINAL nerve.
- Often due to TOUCH
- Occurs MOST commonly in the MAXILLARY division
- Second most common is the mandibular division and the LEAST common is the opthalmic division
- UNKNOWN cause
- Spinal trigeminal nucleus extends down to C4 and is involved with pain reception from the face
Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux)
The SENSORY innervation of the POSTERIOR aspect of the NECK and SCALP
Posterior (dorsal) primary rami of cervical nerves C2, C3, and C4
This sensory nerve supplies the OCCIPITAL region. It is also called the Posterior Primary Ramus of C2
Greater Occipital nerve
This sensory nerve supplies the UPPER part of the BACK of the NECK. Also called the Posterior Primary Ramus of C3.
Third Occipital nerve
This sensory nerve supplies the LOWER part of the BACK of the NECK.
Posterior Primary Ramus of C3
This cervical nerve has NO posterior root carrying sensory fibers. It is ONLY a MOTOR nerve
C1
The SENSORY innervation of the ANTERIOR and LATERAL aspect of the NECK
Anterior (ventral) primary rami of cervical nerves C2, C3, and C4
This plexus is formed from the ANTERIOR primary rami of C1, C2, C3, and C4
Cervical plexus
These nerves supply SENSORY innervation to the SKIN of the UPPER LIMB (from the Brachial plexus)
C5, C6, C7, C8
This sensory branch of the cervical plexus supplies the LATERAL part of the OCCIPITAL region just POSTERIOR to the EAR
Lesser occipital nerve (C2)
This sensory branch of the cervical plexus supplies the angle of the MANDIBLE and the area INFERIOR to the EAR. It runs with the External Jugular Vein
Great Auricular nerve (C2, C3)
This sensory branch of the cervical plexus supplies the ANTERIOR surface of the NECK (the throat)
Transverse Cervical nerve (C2, C3)
This sensory branch of the cervical plexus supplies the LATERAL surface of the NECK down to the shoulder.
It has 3 subdivisions (medial, intermediate, and lateral)
Supraclavicular nerve (C3, C4)
The THREE subdivisions of the Supraclavicular nerve of the Cervical plexus
1) Medial Supraclavicular nerve
2) Intermediate Supraclavicular nerve
3) Lateral Supraclavicular nerve
The Cervical plexus carries MOTOR fibers to this group of muscles
Infrahyoid (strap) muscles
Motor fibers of the Cervical plexus arise from this loop
Ansa Cervicalis
The two parts of the Ansa Cervicalis (where motor fibers arise in cervical plexus)
a) Superior root
b) Inferior root
This part of the Ansa Cervicalis (from C1 or C1 and C2) descends from the HYPOGLOSSAL nerve to join the inferior root
Superior Root
This part of the Ansa Cervicalis (from C2 and C3) descends from CERVICAL nerve branches to join with the superior root
Inferior Root
These two roots UNITE for form the Ansa Cervicalis[C2, C3, C4] (loop where motor fibers arise from in Cervical plexus)
Superior and Inferior roots
This supplies the MOTOR input to 3 of the 4 infrahyoid muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid)
Ansa Cervicalis
The THREE muscles supplied by the Ansa Cervicalis
a) Sternohyoid
b) Sternothyroid
c) Omohyoid
This muscle receives its innervation ONLY from the C1 fibers via the Hypoglossal nerve
Thyrohyoid
This nerve is normally considered part of the Cervical plexus and it ORIGINATES from C3, C4, and C5
Phrenic nerve
This nerve supplies the MOTOR input to the DIAPHRAGM
Phrenic nerve
This nerve supplies the SENSORY input to the membranes of the THORAX and ABDOMEN
Phrenic nerve
This MIXED nerve is found in the NECK lying on the ANTERIOR surface of the ANTERIOR SCALENE muscle. It runs VERTICALLY down the scalene and into the thorax
Phrenic nerve
Muscles that ____ the mouth are STRONGER because they go AGAINST gravity
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