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Gross II Unit 1 > Unit I Sensory Innervation of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Unit I Sensory Innervation of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for facial nerve paralysis?

A

Bell’s Palsy

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2
Q

What cranial nerve is the motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression?

A

VII (Facial)

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3
Q

What cranial nerve is the sensory innervation to the face?

A

V (Trigeminal)

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4
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular

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5
Q

What does the opthalmic branch of C.N. V innervate?

A

Face and scalp

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6
Q

What does the maxillary branch of C.N. V innervate?

A

Cheek and area lateral to the orbit

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7
Q

What does the mandibular branch of C.N. V innervate?

A

Chin and temporal region

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8
Q

What are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

Supraorbital, supratrochlear, external nasal, infratrochlear, and lacrimal nerves

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9
Q

What are the two smaller branches of the maxillary nerve?

A

Zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves

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10
Q

What is the most frequently injured nerve with blows to the face (boxers)?

A

Infraorbital nerve

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11
Q

The infraorbital nerve is a branch of what larger nerve?

A

Maxillary nerve

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12
Q

What are the three branches of the mandibular nerve?

A

Auriculotemporal, buccal, and mental nerves

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13
Q

Which branch of the mandibular nerve is the largest?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

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14
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

A condition characterized by sudden attacks of severe pain occurring in an area of sensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve

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15
Q

What usually triggers the pain felt with trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Touch

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16
Q

What is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Unknown

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17
Q

Where does trigeminal neuralgia typically occur neurologically?

A

Maxillary division (infraorbital nerve)

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18
Q

Where is the second most common neurological location for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Mandibular division

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19
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the posterior aspect of the neck and scalp?

A

Posterior dorsal primary rami of cervical nerves 2-4

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20
Q

How far does the spinal trigeminal nucleus extend down?

A

C4

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21
Q

What is the innervation for the occipital region of the head?

A

Greater occipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C2)

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22
Q

What is the innervation for the upper part of the back of the neck?

A

Third occipital nerve (posterior primary ramus of C3)

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23
Q

What is the innervation for the lower part of the back of the neck?

A

Posterior primary ramus of C4

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24
Q

Which cervical nerve has no posterior root carrying sensory fibers and is strictly a motor nerve?

A

C1

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25
Q

What makes up the cervical plexus?

A

Anterior primary rami of C1-C4

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26
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the anterior and lateral aspect of the neck?

A

Anterior ventral primary rami of cervical nerves 2 to 4

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27
Q

Which cervical nerves supply sensory innervation to the skin of the upper limb?

A

C5-C8

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the lateral part of the occipital region, posterior to the ear?

A

Lesser occipital nerve (C2)

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29
Q

What is the innervation for the angle of the mandible and the area inferior to the ear?

A

Great auricular nerve (C2, C3)

30
Q

Which nerve accompanies the external jugular vein in its path?

A

Great auricular nerve

31
Q

What is the innervation for the anterior surface of the neck (the throat)?

A

Transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3)

32
Q

What is the innervation for the lateral surface of the neck?

A

Supraclavicular nerve (C3, C4)

33
Q

What are the three subdivisions of the supraclavicular nerve?

A

Medial, intermediate, and lateral supraclavicular nerves

34
Q

To which muscles does the cervical plexus carry out motor fibers?

A

Infrahyoid (strap) muscles

35
Q

What spinal nerves are associates with the ansa cervicalis?

A

C1-C3

36
Q

From where does the superior root of the ansa cervicalis descend from?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

37
Q

What cervical nerves make up the superior root of the ansa cervicalis?

A

C1 alone or C1 and C2

38
Q

From where does the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis descend from?

A

Cervical nerve branches

39
Q

Which infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis?

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid

40
Q

What is the innervation for the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (C1 fibers)

41
Q

What extra nerve is considered to be a part of the cervical plexus but does nothing for the neck?

A

Phrenic nerve

42
Q

From which cervical nerves does the phrenic nerve originate?

A

C3-C5 (mostly C4)

43
Q

The phrenic nerve is motor to what?

A

Diaphragm

44
Q

The phrenic nerve is sensory to what?

A

Some of the membranes of the thorax and abdomen

45
Q

Where is the phrenic nerve located?

A

Lying on the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle running vertically down into the thorax

46
Q

What is the origin of the platysma?

A

Superficial fascia over the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

47
Q

What is the insertion of the platysma?

A

Lower border of the mandible and the angle of the mouth

48
Q

What is the innervation of the platysma?

A

Cervical branch of facial nerve (C.N. VII)

49
Q

What is the function of the platysma?

A

Depresses the mandible and draws down the corner of the mouth

50
Q

What is the origin of the SCM?

A

Sternal head from the front of the manubrium, clavicular head from the medial third of the clavicle

51
Q

What is the insertion of the SCM?

A

Lateral surface of mastoid process, lateral half of the superior nuchal line

52
Q

What is the innervation of the SCM?

A

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

53
Q

What is the function of the SCM?

A

Chief flexor of the head

54
Q

What is a lay term for torticollis?

A

Wryneck

55
Q

What is torticollis?

A

Pathological contraction of SCM

56
Q

Is torticollis usually bilateral or unilateral?

A

Unilateral (head tilted toward and the face turned away from the affected side)

57
Q

Which form of torticollis results from a fibrous tissue tumor which develops at or shortly before birth?

A

Congenital

58
Q

Which form of torticollis is due to birth injury?

A

Muscular

59
Q

Which form of torticollis occurs in adults and is due to abnormal tonicity (often responds well to chiropractic care)?

A

Spasmodic

60
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius?

A

External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebrae (all midline)

61
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

A

The lateral third of the clavicle, spine of the scapula, and the acromion process (all lateral)

62
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

Accessory nerve (C.N. XI) and C3 and C4 from the cervical plexus

63
Q

What is the function of the trapezius?

A

The upper portion elevates, the middle portion retracts, and the lower portion depresses the scapula

64
Q

The trapezius also functions in relation with muscles involved with the humerus and scapula exhibiting what type of rhythm?

A

Scapulohumeral

65
Q

What vein drains the face and scalp while also containing a large amount of cerebral blood?

A

External jugular vein

66
Q

The external jugular vein is formed by the joining of which two veins?

A

Retromandibular and posterior auricular

67
Q

Where can the external jugular vein be found?

A

Running downward and backward along the lateral surface of the SCM and empties into the subclavian vein

68
Q

What are the six tributaries of the external jugular vein?

A

Retromandibular, posterior auricular, posterior external jugular, anterior jugular, transverse cervical, and suprascapular veins

69
Q

During what pathology does the external jugular vein become prominent?

A

Congestive heart failure or obstruction of the superior vena cava

70
Q

During what non-pathologic situation is the external jugular vein prominent?

A

Common among opera singers and bagpipe players due to increased intrathoracic pressure during singing or playing

71
Q

What specifically can be found along the external jugular vein superficial to the SCM (clinical note)?

A

Lymph nodes

Gross II Unit 1 (7 decks)

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