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Gross II Unit 1 > Unit 1 Nerves of the Neck > Flashcards

Unit 1 Nerves of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Is the glossopharyngeal nerve primarily motor or sensory?

A

Sensory

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2
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the medulla oblongata and passes through the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

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3
Q

What are the branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Tympanic nerve, branch to the carotid sinus, pharyngeal branch, branch to the stylopharyngeus, tonsillar branch, lingual branch

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4
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve is sensory to the tympanic cavity and secretomotor to the parotid gland?

A

Tympanic nerve

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5
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve senses pain in otitis media?

A

Tympanic nerve

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6
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve is sensory to both the carotid sinus and carotid body?

A

Branch to the carotid sinus

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7
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve senses changes in blood pressure and blood gases?

A

Branch to the carotid sinus

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8
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve unites with branches from the vagus and sympathetic trunk to form the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Pharyngeal branch

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9
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve is sensory to the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal branch

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10
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve senses pain in acute pharyngitis (sore throat) and is the afferent limb of the gag reflex?

A

Pharyngeal branch

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11
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve is motor to the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Branch to the stylopharyngeus

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12
Q

Which muscle of the pharynx is the only one not innervated by the vagus nerve?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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13
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve is sensory to the mucous membrane over the tonsil and to the soft palate?

A

Tonsillar branch

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14
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve senses pain in tonsillitis?

A

Tonsillar branch

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15
Q

Which branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve supplies taste and general sensation to the posterior third of the tongue?

A

Lingual branch

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16
Q

What is the longest cranial nerve?

A

Vagus (X)

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17
Q

What does “vagus” mean?

A

Wanderer

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18
Q

Which cranial nerve emerges from the medulla oblongata and exits the skull through the jugular foramen along with the glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves?

A

Vagus

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19
Q

What are the two vagus nerve ganglia in the neck?

A

Superior (jugular) ganglion and inferior (nodose) ganglion

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20
Q

Are the two vagus nerve ganglia in the neck motor or sensory?

A

Sensory

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21
Q

Which of the two vagus nerve ganglia in the neck is bigger?

A

Inferior (nodose)

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22
Q

What are the branches of the vagus nerve?

A

Meningeal branch, auricular branch, pharyngeal branch, superior laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve

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23
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve is associated with cervicogenic headaches?

A

Meningeal

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24
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve supplies the dura mater with sensory innervation?

A

Meningeal

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25
Q

Which branches of the vagus nerve arise from the superior ganglion?

A

Meningeal and auricular

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26
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve senses pain in otitis externa (swimmer’s ear)?

A

Auricular

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27
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve is sensory to the auricle, the floor of the external auditory meatus, and the tympanic membrane?

A

Auricular

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28
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve is the chief motor nerve to the muscles of the pharynx and soft palate?

A

Pharyngeal

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29
Q

Where do most of the fibers that make up the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve originate from?

A

Cranial part of the accessory nerve

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30
Q

What group of nerves is motor to all of the muscles of the pharynx except for stylopharyngeus and to all of the muscles of the soft palate except for tensor veli palatini?

A

Pharyngeal plexus

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31
Q

What makes up the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Pharyngeal branches of both the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves with the sympathetic trunk

32
Q

Which branches of the vagus nerve arise from the inferior ganglion?

A

Superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves

33
Q

What are the two divisions of the superior laryngeal nerve?

A

Internal and external laryngeal nerves

34
Q

Which division of the superior laryngeal nerve is sensory to the mucous membrane of the larynx superior to the true vocal folds?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

35
Q

Which division of the superior laryngeal nerve is motor to the cricothyroid and inferior constrictor muscles?

A

External laryngeal nerve

36
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve is both sensory and motor?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

37
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve exhibits right and left asymmetry?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

38
Q

From where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve arise?

A

From the vagus nerve within the thorax and ascends back into the neck between the trachea and esophagus near the thyroid gland

39
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve is sensory to the mucous membrane of the larynx below the true vocal folds and to the trachea?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

40
Q

Which branch of the vagus nerve is motor to all of the muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

41
Q

What is the most common form of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

A

Unilateral

42
Q

What is unilateral damage of the recurrent laryngeal nerve associated with?

A

Respiratory distress, hoarseness, partial aphonia

43
Q

What is bilateral damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve associated with?

A

Complete aphonia (mute) and may result in suffocation

44
Q

What are some causes of recurrent laryngeal nerve damage?

A

Trauma during thyroid surgery, goiter or thyroid tumor, lung tumor (compression), aortic aneurysm (left side only)

45
Q

The accessory nerve is formed by the union of what two parts?

A

Cranial and spinal

46
Q

Where does the cranial part of the accessory nerve originate from?

A

Medulla oblongata

47
Q

Where does the spinal part of the accessory nerve originate from?

A

Sides of the spinal cord

48
Q

What is the pathway for the cranial part of the accessory nerve?

A

Joins the vagus just above the inferior vagal ganglion

49
Q

What is the pathway for the spinal part of the accessory nerve?

A

Ascends through the foramen magnum and joins the cranial part for a short distance

50
Q

The spinal part of the accessory nerve is motor to what?

A

SCM and trapezius

51
Q

The cranial part of the accessory nerve travel in what two motor fiber groups?

A

Pharyngeal branch of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerve

52
Q

What does the pharyngeal branch of the vagus supply?

A

Muscles of the pharynx and the soft palate

53
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply?

A

Muscles of the larynx

54
Q

What is the hypoglossal nerve motor to?

A

Tongue

55
Q

What is the pathway of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Originates from the medulla oblongata and exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal (NOT the jugular foramen) looping downward an forward deep to the posterior belly and intermediate tendon of digastric

56
Q

What are the branches of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Meningeal branches, superior root of the ansa cervicalis, nerves to the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid, and lingual branches

57
Q

What branch of the hypoglossal nerve supplies the dura mater?

A

Meningeal branches

58
Q

What branch of the hypoglossal nerve joins with the ansa cervicalis?

A

Superior root of the ansa cervicalis

59
Q

The superior root of the ansa cervicalis consists of mainly which spinal nerve fibers?

A

C1

60
Q

The inferior root of the ansa cervicalis consists of mainly which spinal nerve fibers?

A

C2 and C3

61
Q

The ansa cervicalis is motor to which muscles?

A

Infrahyoid (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid) NOT thyrohyoid

62
Q

Nerves to thyrohyoid and geniohyoid of the hypoglossal nerve consist of what spinal nerve fibers?

A

C1

63
Q

What branch of the hypoglossal nerve is motor to the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles?

A

Nerves to thyrohyoid and geniohyoid

64
Q

Which branch of the hypoglossal nerve has nothing to do with taste or sensation?

A

Lingual branches

65
Q

Which branch of the hypoglossal nerve is motor to the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Lingual branches

66
Q

Where do preganglionic sympathetic fibers which supply structures of the head and neck originate?

A

T1-T3

67
Q

What are the three branches of the cervical sympathetic ganglia?

A

Superior cervical, Middle cervical, vertebral ganglion, and cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion

68
Q

Where does the superior cervical ganglion lie (vertebral column)?

A

C1-C3 (immediately below the base of the skull)

69
Q

What are the branches of the superior cervical ganglion?

A

Internal carotid nerve, superior cervical cardiac nerve, and branches to the pharyngeal plexus (C.N. IX & X)

70
Q

Which branch of the superior sympathetic ganglion is a relatively large nerve which accompanies the internal carotid artery into the skull?

A

Internal carotid nerve

71
Q

Which branch of the superior sympathetic ganglion supplies the thyroid gland?

A

Middle cervical ganglion

72
Q

At what vertebral level does the middle cervical ganglion lie?

A

C6

73
Q

Which branch of the superior sympathetic ganglion is variable and often fused with either the middle or inferior cervical ganglion?

A

Vertebral ganglion

74
Q

At what vertebral level does the vertebral ganglion of the superior sympathetic ganglion lie?

A

C7 (also gives off branch to the plexus along the vertebral artery)

75
Q

Which branch of the superior sympathetic ganglion is formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion to the first thoracic ganglion?

A

Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion

76
Q

At what vertebral level does the cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion lie?

A

C7-T1

77
Q

What is the nerve bundle called that loops anterior to the subclavian artery connecting the vertebral ganglion to the cervicothoracic ganglion?

A

Ansa subclavia

Gross II Unit 1 (7 decks)

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