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Gross II Unit 1 > Unit 1 Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Unit 1 Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the roof of the oral cavity called?

A

Palate

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2
Q

What makes up the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Tongue and oral mucosa supported by the mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles

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3
Q

What are the anterior and lateral boundaries of the oral cavity?

A

Lips and cheeks

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4
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the oral cavity?

A

Oropharyngeal isthmus demarcated by the palatoglossal arch

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5
Q

What two parts are the divisions of the oral cavity?

A

Oral vestibule and oral cavity proper

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6
Q

What is the oral vestibule?

A

Portion of the oral cavity which lies between the lips and gums or cheeks and gums (external to tooth rows)

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7
Q

What are the two openings into the oral vestibule?

A

Labial glands and the parotid duct

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8
Q

What are the labial glands?

A

Small salivary ducts

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9
Q

Where is the parotid duct?

A

Opens lateral to the maxillary second molar within the vestibule

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10
Q

What is the oral cavity proper?

A

Portion of the cavity that lies internal to the tooth rows

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11
Q

What is the philtrum?

A

Median groove seen externally which extends from the nose to the vermilion border of the upper lip

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12
Q

On what structure does cleft lip occur?

A

Philtrum

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13
Q

What connects each lip to its corresponding gum?

A

Frenulum

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14
Q

What do the lips contain?

A

Orbicularis oris muscle and labial glands

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15
Q

What is the significance of the orbicularis oris muscle?

A

Sphincter muscle for facial expression

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16
Q

What do cheeks contain?

A

Buccinator muscle and buccal glands

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17
Q

What is the function of the buccinator muscle?

A

Pushes food medially in chewing positioning it over the teeth for mastication

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18
Q

In which direction is the palate arched?

A

Transversely and anteroposteriorly

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19
Q

What part of the palate forms the anterior two thirds of the palate?

A

Hard palate

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20
Q

What part of the palate forms the posterior one third of the palate?

A

Soft palate

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21
Q

What is the bony partition between the nasal and oral cavities?

A

Hard palate

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22
Q

What does the hard palate consist of?

A

Palatine process of the maxilla (anteriorly) and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone (posteriorly)

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23
Q

What foramina make up the hard palate?

A

Incisive, greater palatine, and lesser palatine

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24
Q

Which foramen transmits the nasopalatine nerves (sensory)?

A

Incisive

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25
Q

Which foramina transmit nerves and vessels of the same name?

A

Greater and lesser palatine

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26
Q

What covers the hard palate?

A

Mucoperiosteum

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27
Q

What is the line going down the hard palate that is formed from the mucoperiosteum called?

A

Palatine raphe (seam)

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28
Q

What are the lines on the hard palate that extend laterally within the mucoperiosteum and aid in gripping food against the tongue during mastication?

A

Transverse palatine folds

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29
Q

What prevents food or fluid from entering the nose?

A

Soft palate

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30
Q

What function does the soft palate have during swallowing?

A

Elevates to close the opening between the nasopharynx and oropharynx

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31
Q

What are the two lateral arches of the soft palate?

A

Palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal (each with their respective muscle and fold)

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32
Q

What is the median projection of the soft palate?

A

Uvula

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33
Q

What lies between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches on each side and what does it contain?

A

Tonsillar fossa, palatine tonsil

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34
Q

Which tonsil is most frequently prone to infection (tonsillitis?

A

Palatine

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35
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Musculus uvulae, levator veli palatini, tenso veli palatini

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36
Q

What is the origin of the musculus uvulae?

A

Posterior nasal spine

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37
Q

What is the insertion of the musculus uvulae?

A

Mucous membrane of uvula

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38
Q

What is the innervation of the musculus uvulae?

A

Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

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39
Q

What is the function of the musculus uvulae?

A

Elevates the uvula

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40
Q

What is the origin of the levator veli palatini?

A

Inferior surface of temporal bone

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41
Q

What is the insertion of the levator veli palatini?

A

Aponeurosis of soft palate

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42
Q

What is the innervation of the levator veli palatini?

A

Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

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43
Q

What is the function of the levator veli palatini?

A

Elevates the soft palate

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44
Q

What is the origin of the tensor veli palatini?

A

Scaphoid fossa of the medial pterygoid plate, pharyngotympanic tube

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45
Q

What is the insertion of the tensor veli palatini?

A

The tendon winds around the pterygoid hamulus an inserts into the aponeurosis of the soft palate

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46
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor veli palatini?

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V)

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47
Q

What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?

A

Tenses soft palate, opens pharyngotympanic tube

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48
Q

Which muscle of the soft palate acts as a pulley?

A

Tensor veli palatini

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49
Q

Which muscle of the soft palate is active during ear aches and airplane rides by pulling the pharyngotympanic tube open to equalize pressure?

A

Tensor veli palatini

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50
Q

What is the innervation of the hard palate itself?

A

Greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves

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51
Q

What is the innervation of the soft palate itself?

A

Lesser palatine nerve

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52
Q

What is the blood supply for the hard palate?

A

Greater palatine artery (from maxillary)

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53
Q

What is the blood supply for the soft palate?

A

Lesser palatine and facial arteries

54
Q

What is a sign of vagus nerve damage regarding the oral cavity?

A

Contralaterally deviated uvula due to the paralysis of the musculus uvulae

55
Q

What is the tongue attached to?

A

Hyoid bone, mandible, styloid process, palate, and pharynx by muscles

56
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A

Taste, mastication, swallowing, speech

57
Q

What is the part of the tongue that rests against the incisors?

A

Apex

58
Q

What is the part of the tongue that rests against teeth and gums on each side?

A

Margin

59
Q

What is the upper surface of the tongue called?

A

Dorsum

60
Q

What is the lower surface of the tongue called?

A

Inferior surface

61
Q

What is the attached base of the tongue called?

A

Root

62
Q

Where does the dorsum of the tongue lie?

A

Partly in the oral cavity and partly in the oropharynx

63
Q

What is the V shaped groove which divides the tongue into two parts?

A

Sulcus terminalis

64
Q

What is the name of the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

A

Oral part

65
Q

What is the name of the posterior one third of the tongue?

A

Oropharyngeal part

66
Q

What is the foramen called that is located at the apex of the sulcus terminalis’s “V”?

A

Foramen cecum

67
Q

What can result in the foramen cecum is the embryonic thyroglossal duct does not obliterate?

A

Thyroglossal cyst

68
Q

What are thyroglossal cysts commonly mistaken for?

A

Thyroid tumor

69
Q

What is the foramen cecum a remnant of?

A

Embryonic thyroglossal duct

70
Q

What is the shallow groove visible on the surface of the tongue called?

A

Median groove

71
Q

Which lingual papillae have conical projections with sharply pointed tips that feel like sandpaper in cats?! :)

A

Filiform

72
Q

Which papillae are generally sensory only and lack tastebuds?

A

Filiform

73
Q

Which papillae are mushroom shaped and contain taste buds?

A

Fungiform

74
Q

Which papillae are the largest and arranged in a V shaped row in front of the sulcus terminalis and contain taste buds?

A

Vallate

75
Q

Which papillae are associated with the gag reflex and taste buds specific to “bitterness”?

A

Vallate

76
Q

Why are vallate papillae a sort of survival mechanism?

A

Specific to bitter and poison tastes bitter (gag reflex initiation)

77
Q

Which papillae are grooves and ridges along the margin of the tongue containing taste buds which are poorly developed in humans?

A

Foliate

78
Q

What is the mass of lymphoid tissue found on the oropharyngeal surface of the tongue called?

A

Lingual tonsil

79
Q

Which two folds connect the tongue to the epiglottis?

A

MEDIAN and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

80
Q

What is the space on either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold called?

A

Vallecula

81
Q

What connects the inferior surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

A

Frenulum

82
Q

What is the lay term for ankyloglossia?

A

Tongue-tied

83
Q

What is the condition called when the frenulum of the tongue is short superior to inferior and long anterior to posterior extending to the floor of the mouth near the apex impeding speech in infants?

A

Ankyloglossia (tongue-tied)

84
Q

When does the frenulum usually grow?

A

During first year of life

85
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus, hyglossus styloglossus, palatoglossus

86
Q

What is the origin of the palatoglossus?

A

Soft palate

87
Q

What is the insertion of the palatoglossus?

A

Sides of the tongue

88
Q

What is the innervation of the palatoglossus?

A

Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

89
Q

What is the function of palatoglossus?

A

Elevates the back of the tongue

90
Q

All of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve except which muscle?

A

Palatoglossus (vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus)

91
Q

What is the clinical importance of the genioglossus?

A

Pulls the tongue forward preventing the tongue from falling backward and thus blocking the airway and potentially leading to suffocation

92
Q

When is the genioglossus muscle particularly important?

A

During general anestheia and in seizure disorders

93
Q

What is the general sensory innervation of the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve (branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)

94
Q

What is the taste sensory innervation of the anterior two thirds of the tongue?

A

Chorda tympani (branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

95
Q

What is both the general sensation and taste innervation of the posterior one third of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

96
Q

Fibers from the glosspharyngeal nerve also cross the sulcus terminalis to innervate which papillae for the gag reflex during bitter taste?

A

Vallate

97
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the tongue?

A

Lingual artery (from external carotid)

98
Q

What is the venous blood supply of the tongue?

A

Lingual vein (to internal jugular)

99
Q

What lymph nodes can be found near the tongue?

A

Submental, submandibular, and deep cervical nodes (all lymph from tongue eventually drains into the deep cervical nodes)

100
Q

Where are the deep cervical nerves located?

A

Carotid sheath

101
Q

What is the function of the teeth?

A

Break down food material during mastication to increase its surface area for enzymatic activity and adsorption

102
Q

What is the hardest substance in the human body that covers the crown of teeth?

A

Enamel

103
Q

What is located internal to the enamel that makes up most of the tooth?

A

Dentin

104
Q

What fills the central cavity of the tooth that contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics which enter it through a foramen at the apex of the root?

A

Pulp

105
Q

What is the bone-like substance that covers the root of the tooth that is part of the periodontium that acts as an attachment mechanism?

A

Cementum

106
Q

What part of the tooth projects above the gingivae (gums) and is covered by enamel?

A

Crown

107
Q

What part of the tooth is the junction between the crown and root?

A

Neck

108
Q

What part of the tooth is embedded in the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible and is covered with cementum?

A

Root

109
Q

What are specialized oral mucosa which surround the teeth and cover adjacent alveolar bone?

A

Gingivae (gums)

110
Q

Which type of teeth are single rooted chisel-shaped teeth which are used for cutting (front 4)?

A

Incisors

111
Q

Which type of teeth are single rooted, pointed teeth which are used for puncturing and tearing?

A

Canines

112
Q

Which type of teeth are single or double rooted teeth with broad chewing surfaces which are used for grinding?

A

Premolars

113
Q

Which type of teeth are well-anchored multiple rooted teeth with very broad chewing surfaces which are used for grinding?

A

Molars

114
Q

What is the proper term for “wisdom teeth”?

A

3rd molars

115
Q

Which are the last teeth to erupt?

A

3rd molars (wisdom teeth around 17-21 years of age)

116
Q

What is the modern day issue with wisdom teeth?

A

Often become impacted due to dental crowding

117
Q

What surface of the tooth faces the lip or buccal surface?

A

Labial surface OF THE INCISORS AND CANINES ONLY

118
Q

What surface of the tooth is the side facing the cheek?

A

Labial surface OF THE PREMOLARS AND MOLARS ONLY

119
Q

What surface of the tooth is the side facing anteriorly or toward the midline?

A

Mesial

120
Q

What surface of the tooth is the side facing posteriorly or away from the midline?

A

Distal

121
Q

What surface of the tooth is the chewing surface?

A

Occlusal

122
Q

What is the proper term for “baby teeth”?

A

Deciduous teeth (dentition)

123
Q

What is the proper term for “adult teeth”?

A

Permanent teeth (dentition)

124
Q

What is different about permanent teeth vs deciduous teeth?

A

Larger, whiter, have thicker enamel

125
Q

How is the number of teeth usually stated?

A

By quadrant

126
Q

What makes up a quadrant of deciduous teeth?

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars (20 total)

127
Q

What makes up a quadrant of permanent teeth?

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars (32 total)

128
Q

What replaces the deciduous molars in the permanent dentition?

A

Adult premolars

129
Q

What innervates the maxillary teeth?

A

Superior alveolar branches from the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

130
Q

What innervates the mandibular teeth?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

131
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Shooting pain that affects many, if not all, of the teeth in a row from compression of CN V

132
Q

How can you differentiate trigeminal neuralgia from a normal toothache?

A

Toothaches tend to affect just one tooth or area

Gross II Unit 1 (7 decks)

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