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Gross II Unit 1 > Unit 1 Pharynx > Flashcards

Unit 1 Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the common pathway for food and air?

A

Pharynx

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2
Q

What structure is said to be part of both the respiratory and digestive systems?

A

Pharynx

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3
Q

What shape is the pharynx?

A

Funnel-shaped

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4
Q

What is the extension of the pharynx?

A

From base of skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

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5
Q

The pharynx lies posterior to which structures?

A

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx

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6
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

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7
Q

Where is the nasopharynx (C1) located?

A

Posterior to the nasal cavity

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8
Q

Where is the oropharynx located?

A

Posterior to the oral cavity

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9
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx located?

A

Posterior to the larynx

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10
Q

How does the nasopharynx communicate with the nasal cavity?

A

Choanae

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11
Q

How does the nasopharynx communcate with the oropharynx?

A

Pharyngeal isthmus

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12
Q

During swallowing, what happens to the pharyngeal isthmus?

A

It’s closed

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13
Q

What is the superior boundary of the nasopharynx?

A

Roof of pharynx

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14
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the nasopharynx?

A

Soft palate

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15
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the nasopharynx?

A

Posterior border of the inferior nasal concha

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16
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the nasopharynx?

A

Posterior wall of the pharynx

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17
Q

What is another name for the pharyngeal tonsils?

A

Adenoids

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18
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

In the posterior wall of the nasopharynx

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19
Q

What are the second most commonly removed tonsils?

A

Pharyngeal

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20
Q

What is the clinical significance of the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)?

A

They may become enlarged caused difficulty breathing through the nose

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21
Q

What opens into the lateral wall of the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube

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22
Q

What cartilage limits the pharyngotympanic tube above?

A

Torus tubarius

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23
Q

What does the pharyngotympanic tube connect?

A

Nasopharynx to middle ear (tympanic cavity)

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24
Q

What is the function of the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Equalizes pressure between nasopharnyx and tympanic cavity

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25
Q

What is the infection that spreads from the nasopharynx to the middle ear via the pharyngotympanic tube called?

A

Otitis media

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26
Q

What is the small tonsil called which lies immediately behind the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube that lacks deeps pits so it is rarely infected?

A

Tubal tonsil

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27
Q

What is the fold called that descends from the torus tubarius to the wall of the pharynx?

A

Salpingopharyngeal fold

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28
Q

What lies deep to the salpingopharyngeal fold?

A

Salpingopharyngeus muscle

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29
Q

What is the first line of defense against infection?

A

Tonsillar ring

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30
Q

What is the superior boundary of the oropharynx?

A

Soft palate

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31
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the oropharynx?

A

Superior border of the epiglottis

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32
Q

What is the anterior border of the oropharynx?

A

Palatoglossal fold

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33
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the oropharynx?

A

Posterior wall of the pharynx

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34
Q

At what vertebral level does the oropharynx lie?

A

C2-C3

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35
Q

How does the oropharynx communicate with the oral cavity?

A

Oropharyngeal isthmus (isthmus of fauces) which is bounded by palatoglossal folds

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36
Q

In which part of the pharynx are the palatine tonsils located between two folds?

A

Oropharynx

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37
Q

What is the space called between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds?

A

Tonsillar fossa (where palatine tonsils are found)

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38
Q

Which tonsils are most frequently removed during childhood?

A

Palatine

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39
Q

What is the tonsillar ring?

A

Circular arrangement of tonsils around the oropharynx formed by the lingual, palatine, tubal, and pharyngeal tonsils

40
Q

What is the longest part of the pharynx?

A

Laryngopharynx

41
Q

At what vertebral levels is the laryngopharynx?

A

C4-C6

42
Q

What is the superior boundary of the laryngopharynx?

A

Superior border of the epiglottis

43
Q

What is the inferior border of the laryngopharynx?

A

Lower border of the cricoid cartilage where it joins the esophagus

44
Q

What is the anterior border of the laryngopharynx?

A

Posterior surface of the larynx

45
Q

What is the posterior border of the laryngopharynx?

A

Posterior wall of the pharynx

46
Q

What is the opening into the larynx found within the laryngopharnx called?

A

Laryngeal inlet

47
Q

What binds the laryngeal inlet laterally?

A

Aryepiglottic folds

48
Q

What binds the laryngeal inlet inferiorly?

A

Interartytenoid notch

49
Q

What is the recess in the anterior wall of the laryngopharynx called that is located on either side of the laryngeal inlet?

A

Piriform fossa (recess)

50
Q

What is the significance of the piriform fossa?

A

Creates a passage for food around the laryngeal inlet

51
Q

Where can foreign objects such as fish bones frequently become lodged in the laryngopharynx?

A

Piriform fossa

52
Q

What is one of the major causes of halitosis (bad breath) involving the laryngopharynx?

A

Deep piriform fossae (possibilities of foreign objects remaining stuck)

53
Q

What are the two layers of pharyngeal muscles?

A

External (circular) layer and longitudinal layer

54
Q

What is the biggest external (circular) layer of the pharyngeal muscles?

A

Inferior constrictor muscle

55
Q

What is the origin of the inferior constrictor muscle?

A

Cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

56
Q

What is the insertion of the inferior constrictor muscle?

A

Pharyngeal raphe

57
Q

What is the innervation of the inferior constrictor muscle?

A

Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus and EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVE

58
Q

What is the function of the inferior constrictor muscle?

A

Contracts the pharynx during swallowing propelling the bolus downward

59
Q

What is the origin of the middle constrictor muscle?

A

Greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone

60
Q

What is the insertion of the middle constrictor muscle?

A

Pharyngeal raphe

61
Q

What is the innervation of the middle constrictor muscle?

A

Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

62
Q

What is the function of the middle constrictor muscle?

A

Contracts the pharynx during swallowing

63
Q

What is the origin of the superior constrictor muscle?

A

Medial pterygoid plate, alveolar part of the mandible, side of tongue

64
Q

What is the insertion of the superior constrictor muscle?

A

Pharyngeal raphe

65
Q

What is the innervation of the superior constrictor muscle?

A

Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

66
Q

What is the function of the superior constrictor muscle?

A

Contracts the pharnyx during swallowing

67
Q

What is the specialized band of muscle formed by the superior constrictor muscle which helps to seal the pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing?

A

Palatopharyngeal sphincter

68
Q

What is the origin of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Styloid process

69
Q

What is the insertion of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Thyroid cartilage, some fibers blend with those of the constrictors

70
Q

What is the innervation of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

71
Q

What is the function of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Elevates pharynx

72
Q

What is the origin of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

Soft palate

73
Q

What is the insertion of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

Wall of pharynx, thyroid cartilage

74
Q

What is the innervation of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

75
Q

What is the function of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

Elevates pharynx, narrows oropharynx

76
Q

What is the origin of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A

Torus tubarius and opening of pharyngotympanic tube

77
Q

What is the insertion of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A

Wall of pharynx

78
Q

What is the innervation of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A

Vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus

79
Q

What is the function of the salpinopharyngeus muscle?

A

Elevates the pharynx, opens pharyngotympanic tube

80
Q

The fibers of which two muscles blend together in the wall of the pharynx?

A

Palatopharyngeus and salphinopharyngeus

81
Q

What is the nervous control center for swallowing?

A

Pharyngeal plexus

82
Q

What makes up the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve, pharyngeal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

83
Q

What are the arteries of the pharynx?

A

Ascending pharyngeal and maxillary artery

84
Q

What two muscles work together to open the pharyngotympanic tube?

A

Salpingopharygeus and tensor veli palatini

85
Q

What is the layer of fascia surrounding the pharynx external to the muscles of the pharynx that is continuous with pretracheal fascia?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

86
Q

What allows for infection to spread from the pharynx to the mediastinum?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

87
Q

What layer of fascia lies internal to the muscles and external to the mucosa of the pharynx?

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

88
Q

What is the potential space called that is between the buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral fascia?

A

Retropharyngeal space

89
Q

What permits free movement of the pharynx and esophagus during swallowing?

A

Retropharyngeal space

90
Q

What is the clinical importance of the retropharyngeal space and can be seen in x-ray?

A

Hemorrhage from cervical trauma or abscess from pharyngeal infection into the retropharyngeal space may cause the posterior wall of the pharynx to balloon forward potentially leading to suffocation

91
Q

What is the proper term for swallowing?

A

Deglutition

92
Q

What is the initiation stage of deglutition?

A

Tongue moves bolus back into the oropharyngeal isthmus

93
Q

What is the second stage of deglutition?

A

Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles squeeze bolus back into oropharynx while leavtor veli palatini and tensor veli palatini muscles elevate the soft palate to close of the pharyngeal isthmus

94
Q

What is the third stage of deglutition?

A

Walls of the pharynx are elevated by the stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, and salpinopharygeus muscles while the suprahyoid muscles elevate the hyoid bone and the larynx thus flexing the epiglottis back over the laryngeal inlet

95
Q

What is the final stage of deglutition?

A

The constrictor muscles contract in sequence to move the food through the oropharynx and laryngopharynx into the esophagus. Peristalsis propels it into the stomach.

96
Q

What is the term for difficulty swallowing?

A

Dysphagia

Gross II Unit 1 (7 decks)

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