unit four: the 21st century knowledge economy and its soci-economic impacts

Question 1

what are some examples of employment in the quaternary sector?

Answer 1

biomedical research, software development, data analyst, meteorologist, aerospace etc

Question 2

what percentage of the working population are in the quaternary sector?

Answer 2

10-15%

Question 3

what are the 2 main factors that the growth of the quaternary sector been driven by?

Answer 3

• firms investing in larger research departments to help develop new products more quickly for saturated markets
• the expansion of universities and higher education driven by government recognition for high-skilled workforce is vital for the uk’s economic success

Question 4

what are the 3 key reasons behind the location and growth of the quaternary sector?

Answer 4

skilled workforce, communication infrastructure and government

Question 5

how is a skilled workforce behind the location and growth of the quaternary sector?

Answer 5

people who tend to work in these industries tend to have high levels of education so therefore, many quaternary industries cluster around universities and research institutes

Question 6

how is communication infrastructure behind the location and growth of the quaternary sector?

Answer 6

• fast internet connectivity means organisations can share information on a global scale
• good road and rail access mean people can attend meetings and discuss ideas

Question 7

how is the government behind the location and growth of the quaternary sector?

Answer 7

2014 - the british government spend £9 billion on r&d projects in addition to providing grants to encourage start up companies and attract foreign investment

Question 8

in the uk, where are clusters of quaternary sector industries?

Answer 8

silicon glen, cambridge and the m11 corridor, the m3 corridor and the m4 corridor

Question 9

where is the m4 corridor located?

Answer 9

west of london, following the route of the m4 motorway

Question 10

what different types of high-technology industries industries have located in the m4 corridor?

Answer 10

information technology industries, computer-based companies, telecommunications and microelectronics

Question 11

what are the advantages of the m4 corridor?

Answer 11

• good road communication provided by the m4 and a34
• electrified railway line provides a quick route to london
• heathrow airport provides easy over-seas access
• attractive environment provides home for highly paid workers
• nearby universities have stimulated research projects

Question 12

what does the institution aldermaston and harwell, on the m4 corridor, research?

Answer 12

fusion research

Question 13

what does the institution jealott’s hill, on the m4 corridor, research?

Answer 13

crop protection led discoveries

Question 14

what does the institution porton down, on the m4 corridor, research?

Answer 14

chemical weapons

Question 15

what does the institution brunel university, on the m4 corridor, research?

Answer 15

engineering, design and physical sciences

Question 16

who and when established the cambridge science park?

Answer 16

trinity college in 1970

Question 17

by december 1999, how many companies were located in the cambridge science park?

Answer 17

64 companies

Question 18

what does “agglomeration of economies” mean?

Answer 18

refers to the benefits received by the firms and people when they come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban cities to proved helpful to them

Question 19

name a bio-medical company that operates from cambridge science park

Answer 19

cn bio

Question 20

how many bio-medical companies operate in cambridge science park in total?

Answer 20

34

Question 21

name a computer/telecoms company that operates from cambridge science park

Answer 21

microsoft/cambridge wireless

Question 22

how many computer/telecoms companies operate in cambridge science park in total?

Answer 22

109

Question 23

what is the key transport infrastructure that makes cambridge science park accessible?

Answer 23

the a14 junction runs past the park, off of the m11

Question 24

cambridge is overheating. what does this mean?

Answer 24

FILL IN DEFINITION!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Question 25

what are the house prices in south cambridgeshire compared to england and wales?

Answer 25

cambridge - £426,000 vs england and wales - £240,000
huger difference of price

Question 26

why are house prices so high in cambridge?

Answer 26

there is a high demand of houses, as there are good transport links and a lot of high paying jobs in the area, but a shortage of supply homes for sale

Question 27

how does the unemployment rate in cambridge compare to the rest of england in june 2023?

Answer 27

was 2.9% while in england it was 4.2%

Question 28

how has the population of cambridge changed compared to the rest of england (2001 vs 2011)?

Answer 28

population increase is higher in cambridge at 13.78% vs england’s 7.88%

Question 29

who are the economic winners from cambridge’s economic growth?

Answer 29

• highly skilled workers
• property owners (increase x4 than average)

Question 30

who are the social winners from cambridge’s economic growth?

Answer 30

• more opportunities > services and products tailored to higher paying jobs
• globalisation
• decrease unemployment rate
• development of key services (transport)

Question 31

who are the environmental winners from cambridge’s economic growth?

Answer 31

• public transport is more eco-friendly
• cycle lanes

Question 32

who are the economic losers from cambridge’s economic growth?

Answer 32

• increased house prices
• retail jobs > cannot afford local services

Question 33

who are the social losers from cambridge’s economic growth?

Answer 33

• overcrowding = harder for healthcare
• loss of community
• increase chains

Question 34

who are the environmental losers from cambridge’s economic growth?

Answer 34

increased congestion and traffic

Question 35

when was birmingham science park founded and by who?

Answer 35

1982 by birmingham city council

Question 36

how many companies are in birmingham science park and how many people do they employ?

Answer 36

over 100 companies, employing more than 1500 people

Question 37

how might the overheating of cambridge economy benefit other science parks, such as birmingham?

Answer 37

they’re going to move from cambridge as there will be cheaper land for companies and more public transport links

Question 38

how will people and businesses moving from cambridge science park to birmingham science park benefit birmingham?

Answer 38

• more supply for the workforce
• positive multiplier effect
• additional businesses

Question 39

where is the custard factory located?

Answer 39

digbeth, birmingham

Question 40

what was the custard factory originally home to and what role did it play economically?

Answer 40

birds custard company, which played a significant role in birmingham’s industrial past

Question 41

with the decline of custard production, what happened to the area in the 1990s?

Answer 41

it became a cultural point for artistic expression, hosting events, exhibitions and cultural festivals

Question 42

how many jobs did phase 1 of the regeneration of digbeth create?

Answer 42

300

Question 43

how did the regeneration of digbeth affect property value and why?

Answer 43

increased in the surrounding areas as there was an increased interest in the neighbourhood, potentially attracting further investment and more development

Question 44

has there been any recent news to do with the custard factory?

Answer 44

prince william and kate visited the factory on october 10th 2023 to mark mental health day and show their support