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AUBF > Unit exam 2 > Flashcards

Unit exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphocytosis; high protein; low glucose; cryotococcal antigen (+)

A

fungal meningitis

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2
Q

At what pH can the sediments be best preserved in the urine?

A

acidic

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3
Q

Lymphocytosis; high protein; low glucose <45mg/dl; pellicle formation (+)

A

tubucular meningitis

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4
Q

Which of the following sediment findings is NORMAL

A. Presence of waxy casts
B. Presence of tissue fragments
C. Presence of atypical mononuclears
D. Presence of few dysmorphic eryhtrocytes

A

Presence of atypical mononuclears

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5
Q

What color is NOT associated with a xanthochromic CSF?
A. Red
B. Yellow-green
C. Brown
D. Orange

A

brown

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6
Q

Sternheimer-Malbin is used in which of the following:

A

staining of urine sediments

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7
Q

Which normal epithelial cell is commonly interfering when doing urine sediment examination?

A

squamous

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8
Q

Which of the following is the unique characteristics of Calcium oxalate?

A

Small, colorless octahedral; rarely dumbbells, ovoid or long forms

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9
Q

. What do you call a hyaline cast with a tapering end?

A

cylindricoid

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10
Q

What is tested on the CSF whereby the color of CSF is compared to distilled water using a white
background after the sample is centrifuged

A

xantochromia

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11
Q

What disorder is the cause of xanthochromia?

A

subdural hemmorhage

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12
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about squamous epithelial cells
A. It originated from the distal 1/3 of the urethra
B. It originated from the PCT and DCT
C. It originated from the bleeding of glomerulus
D. It originated from the bladder of transitional carcinoma patients

A

It originated from the distal 1/3 of the urethra

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13
Q

Squamous epithelial cells are

A

C. large, flat cells with folded margins; abundant cytoplasm

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14
Q

What is the most important indication for CSF collection?

A

infectious meningitis

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15
Q

. Glomerular bleeding can be diagnosed by seeing under the microscope RBCs which vary in size, have
bizarre shapes or are fragmented that is termed
as___________RBCs

A

dysmorphic

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16
Q

Intact transitional epithelial cells are from

A

renal pelvis to the proximl 2/3 of urethra

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17
Q

. Fragmented urothelial cells are

A

from the bladder of transitional carcinoma patients

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18
Q

Which following is the unique characteristic of renal epithelial cells?
A. 14-60um; oblong to egg shape; granular cytoplasm
B. 40-200um; round to pear-shaped; binucleated
C. large, flat cells with folded margins; abundant cytoplasm
D. 7-9um; cuboidal or polygonal shaped; eccentric nucleus

A

A. 14-60um; oblong to egg shape; granular cytoplasm

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19
Q

Because formed elements tend to settle in urine, one should do which of the following before
starting routine urinalysis?

A

mix thoroughly the urine specimen

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20
Q

What renal disorder is characterized by detection of fat droplets, oval fat bodies and fatty acids?

A

nephrotic syndrome

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21
Q

Dysmorphic RBCs are from

A

bleeding of glomerulus

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22
Q

Which method of examining sediments in urine is best in identifying mucus, hyaline casts and
platelets?

A

phase contrast

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23
Q

. Which test is the most important in diagnosing multiple sclerosis?

A

protein test

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24
Q

What CNS disease is associated with F2-isoprostanes?

A

alzheimers disease

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25
Q

. What might cause the urine to be smoky in appearance?

A

erythrocytes

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26
Q

Which specific protein is the most abundant in normal CSF?

A

albumin

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27
Q

7-9um; distorted cells of varied shapes; not nucleated

A

sysmorphic rbsc

28
Q

Neutrophilia, markedly high protein; glucose <40mg/dl; high opening pressure

A

bacterial meningitis

29
Q

What is the constant finding when urinary stones are present in the genitourinary tract?

A

hemoglobinuria

30
Q

In urine sediment examination, which elements are reported per high power field?

A

rbc and wbc

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT detected using the dipstick?

A

crystals

32
Q

Which of the following is always present and reliable indicators of renal disease?

A

proteinuria and cylunduria

33
Q

the procedure of wet urinalysis starts with the

A

sample identification

34
Q

Clot formation will interfere with which of the following tests

A

differential count

35
Q

Which crystal description is found in normal alkaline urine?

A

coffin lid crystals

36
Q

The urine volume needed in sediment examination is at least 10-15 ml. The most common reason
why it CANNOT be satisfied is when the patient

A

having anuria

37
Q

Which CNS disorder is NOT characterized by eosinophilia?

A

bacterial meningitis

38
Q

What is the most reliable method for differential cell counts in CSF?

A

cytocentrifuge

39
Q
  1. Four-sided, flat, yellow or red-brown; lemon-shaped or oval is the unique characteristic of?
A

uric acid cystal

40
Q

Which aminoaciduria causes a caramelized odor in urine?

A

msud

41
Q
  1. What is the usual time and relative centrifugal force for centrifugation of urine specimens?
A

5 mins at 450 g

42
Q

Which is TRUE regarding transitional epithelial cells (intact)
A. 14-60um; oblong to egg shape; granular cytoplasm
B. 40-200um; round to pear-shaped; binucleated
C. large, flat cells with folded margins; abundant cytoplasm
D. 7-9um; cuboidal or polygonal shaped; eccentric nucleus

A

D. 7-9um; cuboidal or polygonal shaped; eccentric nucleus

43
Q

What substance in CSF is measured using turbidimetric method with trichloroacetic acid or SSA?

A

total protein

44
Q

What substance in CSF is measured using turbidimetric method with trichloroacetic acid or SSA?

A

lymphocyte

45
Q

. What WBC is the most abundant in a normal CSF in adult?

A

lymphocyte

46
Q

Which of the following is NOT characterized by decreased CSF pressure?

A

obesity

47
Q

When sediment structures have similar refractive index with the urine, they are best seen

A

using subdeud illumination

48
Q

All cylindrical structures called casts have characteristic

A

parallel sides and rounded ends

49
Q

. Which of the following cells originated from PCT and DCT?

A

renal epithelial cells

50
Q

Which of the following will NOT cause turbidity in CSF?

A

high glocuse

51
Q

Which of the following is the unique characteristics of Calcium carbonate?

A

colorless granules or speheres form pair of fours

52
Q
  1. Associated with HIV infect; spirochetal meningitis
A

syphilic meningitis

53
Q

What is the presence of casts in urine called?

A

cyl nduria

54
Q

Which substance CANNOT diffuse freely via blood-brain barrier

A

protein

55
Q

Lymphocytosis; normal opening pressure, glucose and lactate; (+) RT-PCR testing is the characteristic
of?

A

viral meningitis

56
Q

The microscopic evaluation of this sediment structure in urine requires 10 low power fields

A

hyaline cast

57
Q

Why should a CSF cell count be performed not after 30 minutes to 1 hour after collection?

A

the cell will lyse

58
Q

Gram stain is beneficial in establishing which CNS disorder?

A

bacterial meningitis

59
Q

Which variable is NOT related or important to urine sediment examination?

A

urine sg and osmo

60
Q

. Urine sediments are also interchangeably termed

A

formed elements

61
Q

Which CSF substance is 60% of the same substance in plasma?

A

glocuse

62
Q

. Which of the following urine sediment examination findings is NOT normal?

A

0-2 renal cells/hpf

63
Q

Which of the following is the unique characteristics of Ammonium biurate?
A. Four-sided, flat, yellow or red-brown; lemon-shaped or oval
B. Small, colorless octahedral; rarely dumbbells, ovoid or long forms
C. Yellow-brown spheres with striations and hornlike projections
D. Colorless granules or spheres; form pairs of fours

A

C. Yellow-brown spheres with striations and hornlike projections

64
Q

Cells from the collecting ducts are

A

12-20um; cuboidal or polygonal shaped; eccentric nucleus

65
Q

What is the principal WBC that is found in pyuria?

A

neutrophils

66
Q

What is the reference range for CSF total protein?

A

15-45 mg/dl

AUBF (38 decks)

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