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AUBF > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Macroscopic screening of urine specimens is used to

A

Increase cost-effectiveness of urinalysis

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2
Q

Variations in the microscopic analysis of urine include all of the following except:

A. Preparation of the urine sediment
B. Amount of sediment analyzed
C. Method of reporting
D. Identification of formed elements

A

D. Identification of formed elements

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3
Q

All of the following can cause false-negative microscopic results except:

A. Braking the centrifuge
B. Failing to mix the specimen
C. Dilute alkaline urine
D. Using midstream clean-catch specimens

A

D. Using midstream clean-catch specimens

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4
Q

The two factors that determine relative centrifugal force are

A

Diameter of rotor head and rpm

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5
Q

When using the glass slide and coverslip method, which of the following might be missed if the coverslip is overflowed

A

Casts

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6
Q

Initial screening of the urine sediment is performed using an objective power of:

A

10

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7
Q

Which of the following should be used to reduce
light intensity in bright-field microscopy?

A

Rheostat

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8
Q

Which of the following are reported as number per LPF?

A. RBCs
B. WBCs
C. Crystals
D. Casts

A

D. Casts

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9
Q

The Sternheimer-Malbin stain is added to urine sediments to do all of the following except:

A. Increase visibility of sediment constituents
B. Change the constituents refractive index
C. Decrease precipitation of crystals
D. Delineate constituent structures

A

C. Decrease precipitation of crystals

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10
Q

Nuclear detail can be enhanced by:

A. Prussian blue
B. Toluidine blue
C. Acetic acid
D. Both B and C

A

D. Both B and C

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11
Q

Which of the following lipids is/are stained by Sudan III?

A. Cholesterol
B. Neutral fats
C. Triglycerides
D. Both B and C

A

D. Both B and C

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12
Q

Which of the following lipids is/are capable of polarizing light?

A

Cholesterol

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13
Q

The purpose of the Hansel stain is to identify:

A

Eosinophils

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14
Q

Crenated RBCs are seen in urine that is:

A

Hypersthenuric

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15
Q

Differentiation among RBCs, yeast, and oil droplets may be accomplished by all of the following except:

A. Observation of budding in yeast cells
B. Increased refractility of oil droplets
C. Lysis of yeast cells by acetic acid
D. Lysis of RBCs by acetic acid

A

C. Lysis of yeast cells by acetic acid

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16
Q

The finding of dysmorphic RBCs is indicative of:

A

Glomerular bleeding

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17
Q

Leukocytes that stain pale blue with Sternheimer-Malbin stain and exhibit brownian movement are:

A

Glitter cells

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18
Q

Mononuclear leukocytes are sometimes mistaken for:

A

Renal tubular cells

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19
Q

When pyuria is detected in a sediment, the slide should be carefully checked for the presence of:

A

Bacteria

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20
Q

Transitional epithelial cells are sloughed from the:

A

Bladder

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21
Q

The largest cells in the urine sediment are

A

Squamous epithlial cells

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22
Q

A clinically significant squamous epithelial cell is the:

A

Clue cell

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23
Q

Forms of transitional epithelial cells include all of the following except:

A. Spherical
B. Caudate
C. Convoluted
D. Polyhedral

A

C. Convoluted

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24
Q

Increased transitional cells are indicative of:

A. Catheterization
B. Malignancy
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Both A and B

A

D. Both A and B

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25
Q

A primary characteristic used to identify renal tubular epithelial cells is

A

Eccentrically located nucleus

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26
Q

Following an episode of hemoglobinuria, RTE cells may contain:

A

Hemosiderin granules

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27
Q

The predecessor of the oval fat body is the

A

Renal tubular cell

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28
Q

A structure believed to be an oval fat body produced a Maltese cross formation under polarized light but does not stain with Sudan III. The structure:

A

Contains cholesterol

29
Q

The finding of yeast cells in the urine is commonly associated with:

A

Diabetes mellitus

30
Q

The primary component of urinary mucus is:

A

Tamm-horsfall protein

31
Q

The majority of casts are formed in the:

A

Distal convoluted tubules

32
Q

Cylindroiduria refers to the presence of

A

All types of casts

33
Q

A person submitting a urine specimen following a strenuous exercise routine can normally have all of the following in the sediment except:
A. Hyaline casts
B. Granular casts
C. RBC casts
D. WBC casts

A

D. WBC casts

34
Q

Prior to identifying an RBC cast, all of the following should be observed except:
A. Free-floating RBCs
B. Intact RBCs in the cast
C. Presence of a cast matrix
D. A positive reagent strip blood reaction

A

B. Intact RBCs in the cast

35
Q

WBC casts are primarily associated with:

A

Pyelonephritis

36
Q

The shape of the RTE cell associated with renal tubular epithelial casts is primarily:

37
Q

When observing RTE casts, the cells are primarily:

A

Attached to the surface of a matrix

38
Q

The presence of fatty casts is associated with:

A. Nephrotic syndrome
B. Crush injuries
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

39
Q

Nonpathogenic granular casts contain

A

Cellular lysosomes

40
Q

All of the following are true about waxy casts except they:

A. Represent extreme urine stasis
B. May have a brittle consistency
C. Require staining to be visualized
D. Contain degenerated granules

A

C. Require staining to be visualized

41
Q

The observation of broad casts represents:

A. Destruction of tubular walls
B. Dehydraton and high fever
C. Formation in the collecting ducts
D. Both A and C

A

D. Both A and C

42
Q

All of the following contribute to the formation
of urinary crystals except:

A. Protein concentration
B. ph
C. Solute concentration
D. Temperature

A

A. Protein concentration

43
Q

The most valuable initial aid for the identification of crystals in a urine specimen is:

A. ph
B. Solubility
C. Staining
D. Polarized microscopy

44
Q

Crystals associated with severe liver disease include all of the following except:
A. Bilirubin
B. Leucine
C. Cystine
D. Tyrosine

A

C. Cystine

45
Q

All of the following crystals routinely polarize except:

A. Uric acid
B. Cholesterol
C. Radiographic dye
D. Cystine

A

D. Cystine

46
Q

Differentiation between casts and fibers can usually be made using:

A

Polarized light

47
Q

crystals seen in acidic urine with their description/identifying characteristics:

envelopes

A

Calcium oxalate

48
Q

crystals seen in acidic urine with their description/identifying characteristics:

Yellow-brown, monhydrate whetstone

49
Q

crystals seen in acidic urine with their description/identifying characteristics:

. Pink sediment dihydrate

A

Amorphous urates

50
Q

crystals seen in acidic urine with their description/identifying characteristics:

Ovoid

A

Calcium oxalate

51
Q

Match the following crystals seen in alkaline urine
with their description/identifying characteristics:

. “Coffin lids”

A

Triple phosphate

52
Q

White precipitate

A

Amorphous phosphate

53
Q

Thin prisms

A

Calcium phosphate

54
Q

Thorny apple

A

Ammonium biurate

55
Q

Dumbbell shape

A

Calcium carbonate

56
Q

Bundles following refrigeration

A

Ampicillin

57
Q

Bright yellow clumps

58
Q

Hexagonal plates

59
Q

Flat plates, high specific gravity

A

Radiographic dye striations

60
Q

Concentric circles, radial

61
Q

Notched corners

A

Cholesterol

62
Q

Fine needles seen in liver disease

63
Q

Indirect light is reflected off the object

A

Dark-field

64
Q

Objects split light into two beams

65
Q

Low refractive index objects may be overlooked

A

Bright-field

66
Q

Three-dimensional images

A

Interference

67
Q

Forms halo of light around object

68
Q

Detects specific wavelengths of light emitted from objects

A

Fluorescent

AUBF (38 decks)

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