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Biology 20 > Unit B1: Ecosystems and Their Diversity > Flashcards

Unit B1: Ecosystems and Their Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some abiotic factors that influence biotic survival?

A
  • unequal heating of earth produces global air and water movements that interact with mountains/ islands/lakes to produce patterns of rainfall = wet areas and dry areas
  • patterns of precipitation - influences time of soil
    -topography/shape and features of land surfaces
  • altitude
  • latitude
  • temperature
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2
Q

transect:

A
  • very long line
  • a starting point and direction are randomly chosen and a line of a certain length is marked out
  • the occurrence of any individual within a certain distance from this line is recorded
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3
Q

profundal zone:

A

Middle of the ocean
-colder
- less oxygen
- little aquatic life

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4
Q

What are limiting factors?

A

abiotic AND biotic conditions that limit the number of individuals in a population

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5
Q

species:

A

individual organisms that are able to breed with one another and produce viable off spring

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6
Q

biome:

A

large geographical area containing many ecosystmes, based on climate and common vegetation.

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7
Q

Dichotomous key:

A
  • uses characteristics to identify organisms
  • arranged in stpes, with two statements at each step
  • good dichotomous keys are unamiguoes and provide options to follor
  • 2 types (branching and text based)
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8
Q

ecology:

A

the study of the relationship between living things(organisms) and their non-living surroundings in the envronment

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9
Q

Biotic:

A

refers to the living things in the environment

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10
Q

range:

A

the geographical area where and organism is generally found
- the limit of a species range is determined by its habitats requirements

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11
Q

what are the 4 major bioms of alberta?

A
  • tundra
  • boreal forest
  • temperate forest
  • grassland
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12
Q

what are the two ways ecologists collect samples?

A
  • transect
  • quadrat
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13
Q

density:

A

the number of individuals per unit of volume or area
D = (the average number of individuals per quadrat) / (the size of quadrat)

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14
Q

quadrat:

A

used for organisms that tent to stay in one spot all their lives
-locations are chosen
- at every location, a quadrat of the same size is marked out
- the number of individuals at the location within the quadrat are counted

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15
Q

what are the 3 domains:

A
  • bacteria
  • archea
  • eukarya
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16
Q

sample:

A

a small portion of subsets of the entire population

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17
Q

Kingdom goes with…..

A

animalia

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18
Q

order goes with……

A

carnivora

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19
Q

environmental gradient:

A

a change in ABIOTIC factors through space or time

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20
Q

ecological niche:

A

the role or function that an organism has in its ecosystem
- job

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21
Q

community:

A

all the individuals of the interacting populations in a given area
*in nature, populations are rearely isolated -> they interact with other populations of different species

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22
Q

genus goes with….

A

lynx

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23
Q

how is genus classified?

A
  • common ancestry
  • morphology
  • structural charateristics
  • ancestral relationships
24
Q

what are some examples of biotic limiting factors?

A
  • intraspecies competition(members of the same population compete with each other for limited resources)
  • interspecies competition(members of different populations competing with each other for limited resources)
  • predators
  • parasites
25
Q

What are some examples of abiotic limiting factors:

A
  • soil type
  • moisture
  • temperature
  • sunlight
  • nutrients
  • oxygen
26
Q

when are quadrats used?

A

when it is easy to get around the area and the population distribution is relatively random

27
Q

How to use binomial nomenculture:

A

first name: Genus (first letter capitalized)
second name: species (first letter lower case)

28
Q

habitat:

A
  • immediate vacinity
  • places of area in which an organism has adapted to live
  • a habitat is a place where an organism makes its home
  • a habitat meets all the environmental conditions an organism needs to survive
29
Q

when are transects used?

A

when the navigation in the area is difficult and the population is arranged along a gradient(incline/decline)

30
Q

population:

A

any group of individuas of the SAME species living in the same geographical area at the same time

31
Q

domains:

A

the broadest and most common category of classification

32
Q

What is the order of the levels of vertical stratification based on most to least biodiversity?

A
  1. Littoral (most)
  2. Limnetic
  3. Benthic
  4. Profundal (least)
33
Q

littoral zone:

A

SHORELINE
- warmer
- more oxygen
- higher biodiversity
- contains rooted plant life

34
Q

species goes with….

A

rufus

35
Q

Phylum goes with…….

A

Chordata

36
Q

what are domains based on?

A

the cellular composition of organisms

37
Q

class goes with…..

A

mammalia

38
Q

biomes:

A

ecosystem or group of ecosystems in a specific region on earth that has a particular combination of biotic and abiotic factors

39
Q

is life uniformly distributed throughout the biosphere?

A

no because of abiotic factors

40
Q

what is the most common way to determine population size?

A

to estimate the number of individuals in a number of samples and then calculate the average

41
Q

Abiotic:

A

refers to the non-living things in the environment

42
Q

ecosystem:

A

a community of organisms(biotic) a long with the abiotic factors that surround and effect it
REGION
**largest possible ecosystem is the BIOSPHERE

43
Q

family goes with…..

A

felidae

44
Q

Taxonomy:

A

The practice of classifying living things

45
Q

Domain goes with……

A

Eukarya

46
Q

Limnetic zone:

A

Surface
- warmer
- more oxygen
- zone where an abundance of sunlight reaches
- more photosynthetic organisms
contains phytoplankton(algae)

47
Q

what is the difference between intra and interspecies competition?

A
  • intra refers to members of the SAME population competing with eachother
  • inter refers to members of DIFFERENT populations competing with eachother
48
Q

climate:

A

the average weather conditions in a particular region over a period of time

49
Q

how is species classified?

A

the organisms ability to breed and produce viable/fertile offspring

50
Q

what are the taxonomic groups:

A

(smalllest to biggest)
- species
- genus
-family
- order
- class
-phylum
-kingdom
- domain
(Danish king Philip came over for good soup)

51
Q

Benthic zone:

A

Bottom of the ocean
-less diodiversity
- more decomposers
- colder
-less oxygen

52
Q

how is kingdoms classified?

A

mode of nutrition

53
Q

Environment:

A

Everything that affects an organism throughout its life and everything that the organism affects

54
Q

morphology:

A

the study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent parts

55
Q

interbreed:

A

breeding between species to create hybrids
- breed with another species or group

Biology 20 (5 decks)

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