Unit B1: Ecosystems and Their Diversity Flashcards
What are some abiotic factors that influence biotic survival?
- unequal heating of earth produces global air and water movements that interact with mountains/ islands/lakes to produce patterns of rainfall = wet areas and dry areas
- patterns of precipitation - influences time of soil
-topography/shape and features of land surfaces - altitude
- latitude
- temperature
transect:
- very long line
- a starting point and direction are randomly chosen and a line of a certain length is marked out
- the occurrence of any individual within a certain distance from this line is recorded
profundal zone:
Middle of the ocean
-colder
- less oxygen
- little aquatic life
What are limiting factors?
abiotic AND biotic conditions that limit the number of individuals in a population
species:
individual organisms that are able to breed with one another and produce viable off spring
biome:
large geographical area containing many ecosystmes, based on climate and common vegetation.
Dichotomous key:
- uses characteristics to identify organisms
- arranged in stpes, with two statements at each step
- good dichotomous keys are unamiguoes and provide options to follor
- 2 types (branching and text based)
ecology:
the study of the relationship between living things(organisms) and their non-living surroundings in the envronment
Biotic:
refers to the living things in the environment
range:
the geographical area where and organism is generally found
- the limit of a species range is determined by its habitats requirements
what are the 4 major bioms of alberta?
- tundra
- boreal forest
- temperate forest
- grassland
what are the two ways ecologists collect samples?
- transect
- quadrat
density:
the number of individuals per unit of volume or area
D = (the average number of individuals per quadrat) / (the size of quadrat)
quadrat:
used for organisms that tent to stay in one spot all their lives
-locations are chosen
- at every location, a quadrat of the same size is marked out
- the number of individuals at the location within the quadrat are counted
what are the 3 domains:
- bacteria
- archea
- eukarya
sample:
a small portion of subsets of the entire population
Kingdom goes with…..
animalia
order goes with……
carnivora
environmental gradient:
a change in ABIOTIC factors through space or time
ecological niche:
the role or function that an organism has in its ecosystem
- job
community:
all the individuals of the interacting populations in a given area
*in nature, populations are rearely isolated -> they interact with other populations of different species
genus goes with….
lynx
how is genus classified?
- common ancestry
- morphology
- structural charateristics
- ancestral relationships
what are some examples of biotic limiting factors?
- intraspecies competition(members of the same population compete with each other for limited resources)
- interspecies competition(members of different populations competing with each other for limited resources)
- predators
- parasites
What are some examples of abiotic limiting factors:
- soil type
- moisture
- temperature
- sunlight
- nutrients
- oxygen
when are quadrats used?
when it is easy to get around the area and the population distribution is relatively random
How to use binomial nomenculture:
first name: Genus (first letter capitalized)
second name: species (first letter lower case)
habitat:
- immediate vacinity
- places of area in which an organism has adapted to live
- a habitat is a place where an organism makes its home
- a habitat meets all the environmental conditions an organism needs to survive
when are transects used?
when the navigation in the area is difficult and the population is arranged along a gradient(incline/decline)
population:
any group of individuas of the SAME species living in the same geographical area at the same time
domains:
the broadest and most common category of classification
What is the order of the levels of vertical stratification based on most to least biodiversity?
- Littoral (most)
- Limnetic
- Benthic
- Profundal (least)
littoral zone:
SHORELINE
- warmer
- more oxygen
- higher biodiversity
- contains rooted plant life
species goes with….
rufus
Phylum goes with…….
Chordata
what are domains based on?
the cellular composition of organisms
class goes with…..
mammalia
biomes:
ecosystem or group of ecosystems in a specific region on earth that has a particular combination of biotic and abiotic factors
is life uniformly distributed throughout the biosphere?
no because of abiotic factors
what is the most common way to determine population size?
to estimate the number of individuals in a number of samples and then calculate the average
Abiotic:
refers to the non-living things in the environment
ecosystem:
a community of organisms(biotic) a long with the abiotic factors that surround and effect it
REGION
**largest possible ecosystem is the BIOSPHERE
family goes with…..
felidae
Taxonomy:
The practice of classifying living things
Domain goes with……
Eukarya
Limnetic zone:
Surface
- warmer
- more oxygen
- zone where an abundance of sunlight reaches
- more photosynthetic organisms
contains phytoplankton(algae)
what is the difference between intra and interspecies competition?
- intra refers to members of the SAME population competing with eachother
- inter refers to members of DIFFERENT populations competing with eachother
climate:
the average weather conditions in a particular region over a period of time
how is species classified?
the organisms ability to breed and produce viable/fertile offspring
what are the taxonomic groups:
(smalllest to biggest)
- species
- genus
-family
- order
- class
-phylum
-kingdom
- domain
(Danish king Philip came over for good soup)
Benthic zone:
Bottom of the ocean
-less diodiversity
- more decomposers
- colder
-less oxygen
how is kingdoms classified?
mode of nutrition
Environment:
Everything that affects an organism throughout its life and everything that the organism affects
morphology:
the study of the size, shape, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent parts
interbreed:
breeding between species to create hybrids
- breed with another species or group
