Unit A Pt 2 Flashcards
What is the Golgi Body or Golgi Apparatus?
A stack of a half dozen or more flattened sacs responsible for sorting/modifying proteins and packaging them into vesicles.
What do vacuoles serve as in a cell?
Storage areas for water, sugars, and salts.
What are vesicles?
Very small vacuoles that act as storage sites for various kinds of molecules, often used for transporting materials.
How can vesicles be formed?
By the Golgi Apparatus/ER or from an in-folding of the cell membrane.
What are lysosomes?
Special vacuoles formed by the Golgi body that contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes used to digest substances entering the cell.
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
The site for protein synthesis (translation).
What are the two types of ribosomal subunits?
- rRNA
- Protein
Where are ribosomes found?
On the E.R. (for proteins for export) or in the cytoplasm (for proteins for use within the cell).
What is a polyribosome (polysome)?
A line of several ribosomes together, all producing the same protein.
Where are ribosomes produced?
In the nucleolus of the nucleus.
What is the Rough ER?
The endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes on its surface.
What is the main function of mitochondria?
To react glucose with oxygen to release energy, stored in ATP molecules for cellular functions.
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy.
What are the structural features of mitochondria?
Two membranes, with the inner membrane forming folds called cristae.
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Provides internal structure to maintain the cell’s shape and anchors organelles.
What are microfilaments?
Extremely thin protein fibers usually found in bundles, similar in composition to muscle protein.
What processes are microfilaments associated with?
- Cyclosis
- Cytoplasmic streaming
- Amoeboid movement
- Pinching off during cell division.
What are microtubules?
Thin cylinders larger than microfilaments, containing 13 rows of tubulin arranged in a spiral.
What do microtubules construct?
Materials essential for the formation of cilia, flagella, and centrioles.
What are centrioles?
Very short cylinders with a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubules, directing the formation of cilia and flagella.
What is the arrangement of microtubules in cilia?
9 pairs arranged around a central pair (9 + 2 pattern).
What are cilia used for?
Locomotion by many unicellular organisms.
What is the main difference between cilia and flagella?
Flagella can be very much longer than cilia.
What is the function of flagella?
Used for the locomotion of organisms and gametes (sperm).
