Unit A Pt 1 Flashcards
What is the basic building block of all organisms according to Cell Theory?
The cell
This statement highlights the fundamental role of cells in the structure of living organisms.
Who were the two German biologists that contributed to the development of Cell Theory in the late 1830s?
Schleiden and Schwann
Schleiden was a botanist, and Schwann was a zoologist.
What was Rudolph Virchow’s contribution to Cell Theory?
All cells come from pre-existing cells
This statement completes the Cell Theory along with the contributions of Schleiden and Schwann.
Define Prokaryotic Cells.
Primitive (simple) cells that do not contain a nucleus or any membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic cells are only found in the Kingdom Monera (bacteria).
What is a key characteristic of Eukaryotic Cells?
They have a nucleus and many membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells make up Plants, Animals, Protists, and Fungi.
What is the largest organelle in a cell?
Nucleus
The nucleus controls the cell’s functions and contains chromatin.
What is the role of the Nucleolus?
Site where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced or stored and ribosomes are made
The Nucleolus is involved in interactions between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
What is Chromatin composed of?
Protein (Histones) and DNA
Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
How many pairs of chromosomes are present in a healthy human?
23 pairs
This totals to 46 chromosomes.
What is Cytoplasm?
A colloidal substance containing and supporting all the cell’s organelles
The state of Cytoplasm can change from solid (gel) to liquid (solution).
What is the function of the Cell Membrane?
Acts as a selectively permeable membrane to allow movement of materials in and out of the cell
The Cell Membrane is composed of proteins and phospholipids.
Fill in the blank: The Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum is the site of ______ manufacturing.
phospholipid (and steroid)
Cells that produce steroid hormones have an abundant amount of smooth ER.
What distinguishes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum from Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Rough E.R. has attached ribosomes
Rough E.R. is abundant in cells that produce large amounts of protein for export.
What is the Endomembrane System?
A combination of phospholipid-membranous structures including the Nuclear Envelope, Endoplasmic Reticulums, Cell Membrane, and Golgi Apparatus
These components work together to facilitate various cellular processes.
