Cell 1 Flashcards
What are the three main principles of the Cell Theory?
- All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
What are the key characteristics of a eukaryotic cell that differentiate it from prokaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, a defined nucleus, and are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
List a couple of key differences between a Plant cell and an Animal cell.
- Plant cells have a cell wall; animal cells do not.
- Plant cells contain chloroplasts; animal cells do not.
Describe the relationship between DNA, Chromatin, and Chromosomes.
DNA is packaged into chromatin, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.
When in the cell cycle are the chromosomes visible?
Chromosomes are visible during the metaphase stage of cell division.
Describe the structure of the Nuclear Envelope.
The Nuclear Envelope consists of two lipid bilayer membranes with nuclear pores.
How do molecules move in and out of the nucleus?
Molecules move in and out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.
List a few specific molecules that would be found within the nucleus.
- DNA
- RNA
- Nucleotides
What is the specific function of the Nucleolus?
The Nucleolus is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembly of ribosomes.
What does the term ‘colloidal’ refer to in the context of Nuploplasm and Cytosol?
Colloidal refers to a mixture in which small particles are dispersed throughout a continuous medium, such as Nuploplasm and Cytosol.
What are the two main components (ingredients) of the cell membrane?
- Phospholipids
- Proteins
Define Hydrophobic.
Hydrophobic refers to substances that do not interact well with water.
Define Hydrophilic.
Hydrophilic refers to substances that interact well with water.
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
The main function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell and regulate the movement of substances in and out.
What is the main distinguishing structural difference between Smooth ER and Rough ER?
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface, while Rough ER has ribosomes attached.
List a couple of key substances that the Smooth E.R. produces.
- Lipids
- Hormones
Why would liver cells be jam-packed with Smooth ER?
Liver cells contain abundant Smooth ER for detoxification processes.
What does Rough E.R. produce?
Rough E.R. produces proteins that are to be secreted or incorporated into membranes.
Label the key structures/regions in the cell.
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