Rev 2 Flashcards
What does ‘D.N.A.’ stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
List three molecules that make up a DNA nucleotide
- Deoxyribose sugar
- Phosphate group
- Nitrogenous base
DNA is double stranded and takes on a spiral shape called a ______________.
double helix
What is the only difference between the four different DNA nucleotides?
The nitrogenous base
What is the name of the sugar found in a DNA nucleotide?
Deoxyribose
Draw a basic shape of a purine base, and give the name of both purines.
- Adenine
- Guanine
Draw a basic shape of a pyrimidine base, and give the name of both pyrimidines.
- Cytosine
- Thymine
A purine base will always complimentary base pair with what type of base?
Pyrimidine base
Thymine always joins to ____________.
Adenine
Cytosine always joins to ______________.
Guanine
What type of bonding holds complementary base pairs together?
Hydrogen bonding
What is significant about a set of three bases in a row, called a codon?
It codes for a specific amino acid
What makes up the vertical rails of a DNA ‘ladder’?
- Sugar
- Phosphate
What makes up the horizontal rungs of a DNA ‘ladder’?
Nitrogenous bases
What is the name of the thicker string that DNA is normally found in, wrapped around histones?
Chromatin
What must happen to DNA just prior to cell division, and what is the proper name for this process?
DNA replication
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
What is the definition of a gene?
A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
List two specific examples of your cells making proteins.
- Enzymes
- Hormones
Name the three main nutrient groups/chemicals used by cells.
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
What are the basic building blocks that make up a protein molecule?
Amino acids
How many different amino acids are there?
20
Give an example of how many amino acids would have to be linked together in the proper sequence to make a typical single large protein.
Hundreds to thousands
Summarize Linus Pauling’s discovery.
The structure of proteins and the importance of amino acid sequence
What does Table 1.2 illustrate regarding a protein/enzyme common to all aerobic organisms?
Conservation of protein structure across species
