Cell 2 Flashcards
Describe the appearance/structure of the Golgi Body
Stack of flattened membrane-bound sacs
The Golgi Body is involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins.
What is the main function of the Golgi Apparatus?
Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids
It is essential for the secretion of proteins.
What is the main difference between a vesicle and a vacuole?
Vesicles are small and transport materials; vacuoles are larger and store substances
Vacuoles are more prominent in plant cells.
Is the cell below an animal cell or a plant cell, and list three specific structures that helped you know.
Animal cell; structures include lysosomes, small vacuoles, and centrioles
Plant cells have large central vacuoles and cell walls.
List the two main ways/locations by which vesicles can be formed
- From the Golgi Apparatus
- From the Endoplasmic Reticulum
These vesicles transport materials within the cell.
What organelle produces Lysosomes?
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes.
What do the Lysosome contain?
Hydrolytic enzymes
These enzymes help in breaking down waste materials and cellular debris.
The globular organelles found attached to Endoplasmic reticulum are originally manufactured in the…
Ribosomes
Ribosomes can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
What is the organelle below called?
Mitochondrion
It is often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell.
Why is it referred to as the POWERHOUSE of a cell?
It produces ATP through cellular respiration
ATP is the main energy currency of the cell.
List the chemical equation for cellular respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
This equation summarizes how glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
Why does the inner membrane of this organelle fold inward?
To increase surface area for ATP production
More surface area allows for more electron transport chains.
What are these in-folds called?
Cristae
Cristae are essential for the efficiency of cellular respiration.
The inner fluid of this organelle is called?
Matrix
The matrix contains enzymes for the Krebs cycle.
Give the 3 key functions of the cytoskeleton
- Provides structural support
- Aids in cell movement
- Involved in intracellular transport
The cytoskeleton is made up of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
How do microtubules compare with microfilaments?
Microtubules are thicker and provide structural support; microfilaments are thinner and involved in cell movement
Microtubules are composed of tubulin, while microfilaments are made of actin.
What protein molecule is found in microtubules?
Tubulin
Tubulin is a dimer that polymerizes to form microtubules.
What is the function of a basal body?
Anchors cilia and flagella to the cell
Basal bodies are derived from centrioles.
What are found between pairs of microtubules in a cilium?
Dynein arms
Dynein arms facilitate movement by sliding microtubules past each other.
What is the function of a flagellum?
Propels the cell through fluid
Flagella are longer than cilia and typically occur singly or in pairs.
What would the hydrolytic enzymes of a lysosome do to a neutral fat (triglyceride)?
Break it down into glycerol and fatty acids
Lysosomes play a crucial role in lipid metabolism.
