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NUTR 1100 > unit 9: vitamins > Flashcards

unit 9: vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

what are the water-soluble vitamins

A

B vitamins and vitamin C

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2
Q

what are the fat-soluble vitamins

A

vitamins A, D, E, and K

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3
Q

how can vitamins be damaged?

A

exposure to light or oxygen, washed away during preparation, or destroyed by cooking

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4
Q

what 3 factors affect bioavailability?

A
  1. diet
  2. condition of digestive tract
  3. ability to transport/activate vitamin
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5
Q

wha are 3 vitamin antioxidants that protect us from molecules that cause oxidative damage?

A
  1. vitamin C
  2. vitamin E
  3. provitamin A
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6
Q

what are 2 vitamins that help with growth and development?

A
  1. vitamin A

2. vitamin D

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7
Q

which vitamins assist in the production of ATP from carbs, fat, and protein?

A

B vitamins

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8
Q

what 4 vitamins keep blood healthy?

A

folate
vitamin B6 and B12
vitamin K

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9
Q

what 4 vitamins assist in bone health?

A
  1. vitamin A
  2. vitamin C
  3. vitamin D
  4. vitamin K
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10
Q

what 4 vitamins assist in healthy immune function?

A

vitamin A
vitamin B6
vitamin C
vitamin D

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11
Q

how do free radicals cause damage?

A
  • free radicals cause damage by snatching electrons from DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, or unsaturated fatty acids
  • loss of electrons results in changes in structure and function of the molecule
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12
Q

how do you know if daily % value is too little, a good amount, and an excellent amount?

A
  • if daily % value is 5% or less, the food is a poor source of that nutrient
  • if daily % value is 10-19% the food is a good source
  • if daily % value is 20% or more, the food is an excellent source
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13
Q

why must water-soluble vitamins be consumed regularly?

A

water-soluble vitamins are not stored to a great extent so they must consumed regularly

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14
Q

what is the function of all B vitamins?

A

convert energy in carbs, fat, and protein into adenosine triphosphate

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15
Q

what is the function, type, deficiency symptoms, and source of folate?

A
  • function : important for embryonic development

type
- water soluble

  • deficiency syndrome: macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia
  • source: leafy greens
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16
Q

what is the function, type, deficiency symptoms, and source of vitamin B12?

A
  • function: production of ATP from fatty acids, converts homocysteine to methionine, maintains myelin coating on nerves

type
- water soluble

  • deficiency syndrome: pernicious anemia
  • source: animal foods
17
Q

what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of thiamine?

A

function:

  • converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA which is important for extracting energy from glucose (energy production)
  • needed for the synthesis of neurotransmitters

type
- water soluble

deficiency syndrome

  • beriberi: weakness, nerve degeneration, heart changes
  • wernicke-korsakoff syndrome: common in alcoholics because alcohol decreases thiamine absorption, experience mental

source
- grain products

18
Q

what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of niacin?

A

function

  • glucose metabolism
  • synthesizes fatty acids and cholesterol

type
- water soluble

deficiency syndrome
- pellagra: causes dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death

source
- meat and grains

19
Q

what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin B6?

A

function

  • needed for transamination and deamination reactions
  • synthesizes lipids for myelin coating on nerves and hemoglobin

type
- water soluble

deficiency syndrome

  • amenia
  • reduced immune function

source
- meat

20
Q

what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin C?

A

function

  • synthesizes and maintenance of collagen
  • maintains immune function

type
- water soluble

deficiency syndrome
- scurvy

source
- citrus fruits

21
Q

what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin A?

A

function

  • vision
  • cell differentiation

type
- fat soluble

deficiency syndrome
- night blindness

source
- liver and carrots

22
Q

what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin D

A

function

  • absorption of calcium and phosphorus
  • maintenance of bone

type
- fat soluble

deficiency syndrome

  • rickets in children
  • osteomalacia in adults

source

  • sun
  • salmon
23
Q

what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin K?

A

function

  • synthesis of blood clotting
  • proteins and bone protein

type
- fat soluble

deficiency syndrome
- hemorrhage

source

  • leafy greens
  • vegetable oil
24
Q

what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin E

A

function

  • antioxidant
  • protects cell membrane

type
- fat soluble

deficiency syndrome

  • broken red blood cells
  • nerve damage

source

  • sunflower seeds
  • almonds

NUTR 1100 (12 decks)

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