unit 9: vitamins Flashcards
what are the water-soluble vitamins
B vitamins and vitamin C
what are the fat-soluble vitamins
vitamins A, D, E, and K
how can vitamins be damaged?
exposure to light or oxygen, washed away during preparation, or destroyed by cooking
what 3 factors affect bioavailability?
- diet
- condition of digestive tract
- ability to transport/activate vitamin
wha are 3 vitamin antioxidants that protect us from molecules that cause oxidative damage?
- vitamin C
- vitamin E
- provitamin A
what are 2 vitamins that help with growth and development?
- vitamin A
2. vitamin D
which vitamins assist in the production of ATP from carbs, fat, and protein?
B vitamins
what 4 vitamins keep blood healthy?
folate
vitamin B6 and B12
vitamin K
what 4 vitamins assist in bone health?
- vitamin A
- vitamin C
- vitamin D
- vitamin K
what 4 vitamins assist in healthy immune function?
vitamin A
vitamin B6
vitamin C
vitamin D
how do free radicals cause damage?
- free radicals cause damage by snatching electrons from DNA, proteins, carbohydrates, or unsaturated fatty acids
- loss of electrons results in changes in structure and function of the molecule
how do you know if daily % value is too little, a good amount, and an excellent amount?
- if daily % value is 5% or less, the food is a poor source of that nutrient
- if daily % value is 10-19% the food is a good source
- if daily % value is 20% or more, the food is an excellent source
why must water-soluble vitamins be consumed regularly?
water-soluble vitamins are not stored to a great extent so they must consumed regularly
what is the function of all B vitamins?
convert energy in carbs, fat, and protein into adenosine triphosphate
what is the function, type, deficiency symptoms, and source of folate?
- function : important for embryonic development
type
- water soluble
- deficiency syndrome: macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia
- source: leafy greens
what is the function, type, deficiency symptoms, and source of vitamin B12?
- function: production of ATP from fatty acids, converts homocysteine to methionine, maintains myelin coating on nerves
type
- water soluble
- deficiency syndrome: pernicious anemia
- source: animal foods
what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of thiamine?
function:
- converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA which is important for extracting energy from glucose (energy production)
- needed for the synthesis of neurotransmitters
type
- water soluble
deficiency syndrome
- beriberi: weakness, nerve degeneration, heart changes
- wernicke-korsakoff syndrome: common in alcoholics because alcohol decreases thiamine absorption, experience mental
source
- grain products
what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of niacin?
function
- glucose metabolism
- synthesizes fatty acids and cholesterol
type
- water soluble
deficiency syndrome
- pellagra: causes dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death
source
- meat and grains
what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin B6?
function
- needed for transamination and deamination reactions
- synthesizes lipids for myelin coating on nerves and hemoglobin
type
- water soluble
deficiency syndrome
- amenia
- reduced immune function
source
- meat
what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin C?
function
- synthesizes and maintenance of collagen
- maintains immune function
type
- water soluble
deficiency syndrome
- scurvy
source
- citrus fruits
what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin A?
function
- vision
- cell differentiation
type
- fat soluble
deficiency syndrome
- night blindness
source
- liver and carrots
what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin D
function
- absorption of calcium and phosphorus
- maintenance of bone
type
- fat soluble
deficiency syndrome
- rickets in children
- osteomalacia in adults
source
- sun
- salmon
what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin K?
function
- synthesis of blood clotting
- proteins and bone protein
type
- fat soluble
deficiency syndrome
- hemorrhage
source
- leafy greens
- vegetable oil
what is the function, type, deficiency syndrome, and source of vitamin E
function
- antioxidant
- protects cell membrane
type
- fat soluble
deficiency syndrome
- broken red blood cells
- nerve damage
source
- sunflower seeds
- almonds
