NUTRITION INTRO

Question 1

what are nutrients?

Answer 1

• substances in food that humans need to live and grow

- provides energy for the body

Question 2

what are essential nutrients?

Answer 2

• nutrients that the body cannot make itself

- humans must consume essential nutrients to maintain health

Question 3

what is a calorie?

Answer 3

a unit of measure used to express the amount of energy provided by 1 kilocalorie

Question 4

what is a chronic disease?

Answer 4

long-term diseases that negatively affects physical and mental health

Question 5

what is nutrient density?

Answer 5

a measure of nutrients provided by a food in relation to its calories

Question 6

what are fortified foods?

Answer 6

foods in which one or more nutrients have been added

ex.) vitamins and minerals added to breakfast cereals

Question 7

give one example of a low nutrient dense food and a high nutrient dense food.

Answer 7

low: fries, cake
high: potatoes, apples

Question 8

what are macronutrients?

Answer 8

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water

Question 9

what are micronutrients?

Answer 9

vitamins and minerals

Question 10

what are organic compounds?

Answer 10

substances that contain carbon bonded to hydrogen in their molecular structure

Question 11

what are carbohydrates?

Answer 11

a class of nutrients that contains sugar, starch, and fibre

Question 12

what is fibre?

Answer 12

a type of carbohydrate that cannot be digested by human enzymes?

Question 13

what are the energy-yielding nutrients?

Answer 13

carbs, lipids, and proteins

Question 14

how is fat in our bodies created?

Answer 14

when the meals that you eat contain more energy than the energy that you burn through basic activity and exercise

Question 15

how many kilocalories do carohydrates have per gram?

Answer 15

4 kilocalories (kcal)

Question 16

how many kilocalories do lipids have per gram?

Answer 16

9 kilocalories (kcal)

Question 17

how many kilocalories do proteins have per gram?

Answer 17

4 kilocalories (kcal)

Question 18

how many kilocalories does alcohol have per gram?

Answer 18

7 kilocalories (kcal)

Question 19

what are phytochemicals?

Answer 19

substances found in plant foods that contain health-promoting properties

Question 20

what are zoochemicals?

Answer 20

substances found in animal foods that contain health-promoting properties

Question 21

what are functional foods?

Answer 21

foods that have health-promoting and/or disease preventing properties beyond basic nutritional functions

ex.) blueberries

Question 22

what is malnutrition?

Answer 22

a condition resulting in diet that is not sufficient in nutrients, too many/little nutrients

Question 23

what is osteoporosis?

Answer 23

• when the bones become weak and break easily

- occurs when consuming a calcium-deficient diet

Question 24

what are genes?

Answer 24

specific segments of DNA that determine inherited traits

Question 25

what is nutritional genomics?

Answer 25

the study of how our diets affect our genes

Question 26

what is epidemiology?

Answer 26

a branch of science that studies health and disease trends in populations

Question 27

what is an experimental group?

Answer 27

the group of people who receive the treatment

Question 28

what is the control group?

Answer 28

the group of people who do not receive the treatment

Question 29

what is a placebo?

Answer 29

an artificial (fake) treatment that has no effect

Question 30

what is a blind study?

Answer 30

when the subjects do not know if they are the experimental or control group, therefore they do not know if they receive the treatment or not

Question 31

what is a double-blind experiment?

Answer 31

a study when both researcher and subject do not know which subjects are receiving the treatment

Question 32

what is anecdotal evidence?

Answer 32

evidence that comes from personal experiences, biased

Question 33

what is scientific evidence?

Answer 33

evidence that has been researched and proven by science, more reliable