NUTRITION INTRO Flashcards
what are nutrients?
- substances in food that humans need to live and grow
- provides energy for the body
what are essential nutrients?
- nutrients that the body cannot make itself
- humans must consume essential nutrients to maintain health
what is a calorie?
a unit of measure used to express the amount of energy provided by 1 kilocalorie
what is a chronic disease?
long-term diseases that negatively affects physical and mental health
what is nutrient density?
a measure of nutrients provided by a food in relation to its calories
what are fortified foods?
foods in which one or more nutrients have been added
ex.) vitamins and minerals added to breakfast cereals
give one example of a low nutrient dense food and a high nutrient dense food.
low: fries, cake
high: potatoes, apples
what are macronutrients?
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water
what are micronutrients?
vitamins and minerals
what are organic compounds?
substances that contain carbon bonded to hydrogen in their molecular structure
what are carbohydrates?
a class of nutrients that contains sugar, starch, and fibre
what is fibre?
a type of carbohydrate that cannot be digested by human enzymes?
what are the energy-yielding nutrients?
carbs, lipids, and proteins
how is fat in our bodies created?
when the meals that you eat contain more energy than the energy that you burn through basic activity and exercise
how many kilocalories do carohydrates have per gram?
4 kilocalories (kcal)
how many kilocalories do lipids have per gram?
9 kilocalories (kcal)
how many kilocalories do proteins have per gram?
4 kilocalories (kcal)
how many kilocalories does alcohol have per gram?
7 kilocalories (kcal)
what are phytochemicals?
substances found in plant foods that contain health-promoting properties
what are zoochemicals?
substances found in animal foods that contain health-promoting properties
what are functional foods?
foods that have health-promoting and/or disease preventing properties beyond basic nutritional functions
ex.) blueberries
what is malnutrition?
a condition resulting in diet that is not sufficient in nutrients, too many/little nutrients
what is osteoporosis?
- when the bones become weak and break easily
- occurs when consuming a calcium-deficient diet
what are genes?
specific segments of DNA that determine inherited traits
what is nutritional genomics?
the study of how our diets affect our genes
what is epidemiology?
a branch of science that studies health and disease trends in populations
what is an experimental group?
the group of people who receive the treatment
what is the control group?
the group of people who do not receive the treatment
what is a placebo?
an artificial (fake) treatment that has no effect
what is a blind study?
when the subjects do not know if they are the experimental or control group, therefore they do not know if they receive the treatment or not
what is a double-blind experiment?
a study when both researcher and subject do not know which subjects are receiving the treatment
what is anecdotal evidence?
evidence that comes from personal experiences, biased
what is scientific evidence?
evidence that has been researched and proven by science, more reliable
