Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUTR 1100 > bolded terms > Flashcards

bolded terms Flashcards

1
Q

what is bioavailability?

A

the extent to which the body can absorb/use a nutrient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a provitamin/vitamin precursor?

A

compound that can be converted into an active form of vitamin in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is coenzyme?

A

organic non protein substances that bind to enzymes to produce activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is antioxidant?

A

substance able to neutralize reactive oxygen molecules and prevents damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is free radicals?

A

a type of highly reactive molecule that causes oxidative damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is beriberi?

A

thiamine deficiency disease causing weakness, nerve degeneration, and sometimes heart changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is neurotransmitter?

A

chemical substance produced by nerve cell that can stimulate/inhibit another cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is pellagra?

A

disease from niacin deficiency causing dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are neural tube defects?

A

abnormalities in brain/spinal cord, results from errors during prenatal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is folic acid?

A

easily absorbed form of vitamin folate used in dietary supplement and fortified foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is macrocytic anemia/megaloblastic anemia?

A

reduction in blood capacity to carry oxygen characterized by abnormally large immature/mature red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is pernicious anemia?

A
  • macrocytic anemia resulting from vitamin B12 deficiency

- deficieny occurs when dietary vitamin B12 can’t be absorbed due to lack of intrinsic factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is intrinsic factor?

A

protein produced in stomach needed for absorption of vitamin B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is atrophic gastritis?

A

inflammation of stomach lining results in reduced secretion of stomach acid, microbial overgrowth, reduction in production of intrinsic factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is scurvy?

A

vitamin C deficiency disease characterized by bleeding gums, tooth loss, joint pain, fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is retinoids?

A

chemical form of preformed vitamin a: retinol, retinal, retinoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is carotenoids?

A

natural pigments synthesized by plants and many microorganisms, giving yellow and red-orange fruits/vegetables colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is hypercarotenimia?

A

condition caused by accumulation of carotenoids in adipose tissue, causing skin to appear yellow/orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is parathyroid hormone?

A

hormone released by parathyroid gland acts to increase blood calcium levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is rickets?

A

vitamin D deficiency disease in children, characterized by poor bone development resulting from inadequate calcium absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is osteomalacia?

A

vitamin D deficiency disease in adults, characterized by loss of mineral in bone, bone pain, muscle aches, increase in bone fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is dehydration?

A

a state that occurs when not enough water is present to meet body’s needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is blood pressure?

A

amount of force exerted by blood in walls of arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is water intoxication?

A

condition occurs when person drinks enough water to significantly lower sodium concentration in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is minerals?

A

nutrition elements needed by body in small amounts to maintain structure and regulate chemical reactions and body processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is major minerals?

A

minerals required in diet in amounts greater than 100mg/day or present in body in amounts greater than 0.01% body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is trace minerals?

A

minerals required in diet in amounts less than 100mg/day or present in body in amounts less than 0.01% body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is cofactors?

A

inorganic ions/coenzymes required for enzyme activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is electrolytes?

A

positively/negatively charged ions that conduct an electrical current in solution, commonly refers to sodium, potassium, and chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is hypertension?

A

blood pressure consistently elevated to 140/90mm Hg or greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is bone remodelling?

A

continuous process where small amounts of bone are removed and replaced by new bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is peak bone mass?

A

the max bone density attained at any time of life, usually occuring in young adulthood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is osteoporosis?

A

bone disorder characterized by reduced bone mass, increased bone fragility, increased risk of fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is menopause?

A

time in women’s life when menstrual cycle strops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is post-menopausal bone loss?

A

accelerated in bone loss that occurs in women for 5 years after menstrual cycle stops

36
Q

what is hemochromatosis?

A

inherited disorder resulting in increased iron absorption

37
Q

what is heme-iron?

A

readily absorbable form of iron that is chemically associated with certain proteins found in meat, fish, and poultry

38
Q

what is glutathiome peroxidase?

A

selenium containing enzyme that protect cells from oxidative damage by neutralizing peroxides

39
Q

what is goiter?

A

enlargement of thyroid gland caused by deficiency of iodine

40
Q

what is cretinism?

A

condition resulting from poor maternal iodine intake during pregnancy impairing mental development and growth in offspring

41
Q

what is overweight?

A

being too heavy for one’s height usually due to excess body fat, being defined as having a BMI of 25-29.9kg/m (squared)

42
Q

what is obese?

A

having excess body fat, defined as having a BMI of 30kg/m(squared) or greter

43
Q

what is obesogenic environment?

A

setting that promotes excessive energy intake and low levels of physical activity resulting in increase of obesity rates

44
Q

what is healthy weight?

A

weight minimizes health risks and promotes overall health

45
Q

what is lean body mass?

A

body mass attributed to non fat body components such as bone, muscle, internal organs, also called fat free mass

46
Q

what is body mass index?

A

measure of body weight relative to height used to compare body size with a standard

47
Q

what is waist circumference?

A

measurement of tendency of visceral fat deposition

48
Q

what is fitness?

A

set of attributes related to the ability to perform routine activities without fatigue

49
Q

what is cardiorespiratory endurance?

A

efficiency of which the body delivers oxygen and nutrients needed for muscular activity to cells and transports waste from cells

50
Q

what is aerobic capacity?

A

max amount of oxygen that can be consumed by tissue during exercise, also called max oxygen consumption

51
Q

what is muscle strength?

A

amount of force produced by 1 contraction of a muscle

52
Q

what is muscle endurance?

A

ability of a muscle group to continue muscle movement at submaximal intensity overtime

53
Q

what is strength/resistance training exercise?

A

activity specifically designed to increase muscle strength, endurance, size

54
Q

what is overload principal?

A

concept that the body adapts to stresses placed on it

55
Q

what is endorphins?

A

compounds that cause a natural euphoria and reduce perception of pain under certain stressful conditions

56
Q

what is overtraining syndrome?

A

collection of emotional, behavioural, and physical symptoms on the amount/intensity of exercise which exceeds an athlete’s ability to recover

57
Q

what is creatine phosphate?

A

compounds stored in muscle that can be broken down quickly to make ATP

58
Q

what is fertilization?

A

union of sperm and egg

59
Q

what is implantation?

A

process by which a developing embryo embreds itself in the uterine lining

60
Q

what is embryo?

A

developing humans through 2-8 weeks of fertilization

61
Q

what is placenta?

A

organ produced from maternal/embryonic tissue, secretes hormones, transfers nutrients and oxygen from mothers blood to fetus and removes metabolic waste

62
Q

what is fetus?

A

developing human from 9th week after fertilization to birth

63
Q

what is low-birth weight?

A

birth weight less that 2.5 kilos, 5.5 pounds

64
Q

what is very low birth weight

A

birth weight less than 1.5kilos, 3.3 pounds

65
Q

what is lactation?

A

production/secretion of milk

66
Q

what is large-for-gestational-age?

A

weighing more than 3 kilos at birth

67
Q

what is pica?

A

abnormal craving for non food substances that have little to no nutritional value

68
Q

what is gestational diabetes?

A

condition characterizes by high blood glucose levels developed during pregnancy

69
Q

what is failure to thrive?

A

inability of child’s growth to keep up with normal growth curves

70
Q

what is life expectancy?

A

average length of life for particular population of individuals

71
Q

what is arthritis?

A

disease characterized by inflammation of joints, pain, and sometimes changes in structure

72
Q

what is macular degeneration?

A

degeneration of portion of retina results in loss of visual detail and eventual blindness

73
Q

what is cataracs?

A

disease of the eye resulting in cloudy spots on the lens, and sometime the cornea, that obscure the vision

74
Q

what is dementia?

A

deterioration of mental state resulting in impaired memory, thinking, and/or judgement

75
Q

what is alzheimers disease?

A

disease resulting in relentless and irreversible loss of mental function

76
Q

what is food insecurity?

A

situation in which people lack adequate physical, social, or economic access to sufficient, safe nutritious foods that meet their dietary needs

77
Q

what is infant mortality rate?

A

number of deaths during 1st year of life, typically expressed per 1000 live births

78
Q

what is stunting

A

decrease in linear growth rate

79
Q

what is nutrition transition?

A

series of changes in diet, physical activity, health, as poor countries become more prosperous

80
Q

what is famine?

A

widespread lack of access to food due to disaster causing a collapse in food production and marketing systems

81
Q

what is small for gestational age?

A

infants born on time but have failed to grow well in the uterus

82
Q

what is preterm/premature?

A

those born before 37 weeks

83
Q

what is atrophic gastritis?

A

inflammation of stomach lining causing reduction in stomach acid

84
Q

what is subcutaneous fat?

A
  • adipose tissue under the skin

- usually fat in hips and lower body

85
Q

what is visceral fat?

A
  • adipose tissue located around organs in the abdomen

- usually fat in abdomen

86
Q

what is your aerobic zone?

A

when your heart rate raises to 60-85% of your max heart rate

87
Q

what is the difference between fortification and enrichment?

A
  • fortification is nutrients being added to food

- enrichment is nutrients being added back to food

NUTR 1100 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions