Unit 9 - Peace and conflict

Question 1

When did WW2 begin and how?

Answer 1

WW2 started in 1919, at the end of ww1 and the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. Article 231 was intended to hold Germany accountable for the war. It stated that all damage done in WW1 was Germany’s responsibility

Question 2

What economic crisis did Germany face after its first payment in 1922 and what followed?

Answer 2

Hyperinflation began happening in Germany and due to the Great depression, its economy crippled. It owed a great debt of $33 billion to allied powers

Question 3

What conspiracy theory did Hitler promote to blame Jews for Germany’s problems?

Answer 3

The Judeo Bolshevism conspiracy theory and how Jews were the reasons germany lost ww1

Question 4

What did Hitler do to revolt against the Treaty of Versaille?

Answer 4

The treaty made sure that Germany couldnt have its own idependant army, But hitler made his own Airforce - Luftwafe which shows disrespect against the treaty.

Question 5

What was the purpose of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement signed in 1935?

Answer 5

It allowed Germany to have its own independent navy

Question 6

What were the first main Invasions of Hitler and significane

Answer 6

1. In 1938, he invaded Austria
2. Then he invaded Czechoslovakia, violating the Munich Agreement
3. Finally in 1939, despite an ultimatum from France and Britain, He invaded Poland - Officially begining the war

Question 7

What military strategy did Hitler use and what was it??

Answer 7

Blitzkrieg. It used surprise attacks with heavy firepower and air support. It was highly effective due to speed and overwhelming force. To maintain Soldiers speed and stamina, they were fed crystal meth

Question 8

Where did hitler conquer after austria, czekoslovakia and poland?

Answer 8

Norway and Denmark

Question 9

Why did Chamberlain resign, who was the new prim eminister and what hapened on the same day as the apointment of the new prime minister?

Answer 9

Chamberlain resigned due to inability to stop germany from invading its allies. Winston churchill was assigned and on the day of his apointment, Hitler launched an all out attack at France, Belgium and Luxembourg. Known as the Battle of France

Question 10

Who won the battle of france

Answer 10

Allied forces were succumbed in one corner on france - in dunrkik whihc meant that Hitler won and now ruled over austria, poland, czeckoslovakia, france, belgium and luxembourg.

Question 11

What was operation dyanamo

Answer 11

A massive evacuation of Allied troops from Dunkirk in 1940, saving 3.5 lakh soldiers but leaving military equipment behind, leading to the fall of France.

Question 12

What was Operation Sea Lion?

Answer 12

After USSR and Nazis signed a peace treaty, Hitler wante dto conquer the only reaming threat to him - Britain. Hitler’s plan to invade England was called Operation Sea lion but it failed as on the Battle of Britain was historically won by Britain and is regarded as Hitler’s first loss in ww2

Question 13

What did hitler do after loss in Battle of Britain

Answer 13

aimed to capture USSR to have control over majority of the world. But he failed as USSR joined forces with the Allied troops and due to harsh weather conditons, hitler failed to capture USSR

Question 14

What battle is known as the deadliest battle of WW2?

Answer 14

The Battle of Stalingrad, Fight between USSR and Nazi to take control over Iran and to capture one another. Soviets won this in Feb 1943

Question 15

What was US doing simulteiously during the time of Battle of Stalingrad

Answer 15

Attacking Japan’s harbour in the Battle of Midway as a response to the bombings of Pearl Harbour

Question 16

What major event occurred on 6th June 1944?

Answer 16

D-Day, the Allied invasion of France to fight Germany on Land to free France

Question 17

What was the Battle of the Bulge and why did it happen?

Answer 17

Hitler was facing pressure from the allied forces espacially after the success of D-Day. This battle was Hitler’s last offensive to push back the Allied forces but it eventually failed and Berlin was surrounded by Allied trrops

Question 18

When did Hitler commit suicide?

Answer 18

30th April 1945

Question 19

What was the Ultimatum of 1945 against Japan about?

Answer 19

2 months after Hitler’s death, Japan empire was still active and waging war on USSR and other parts of Asia. The allied forces gave an ultimatum to Japan to stop the war but Japan ignored it. Resulting in the dropping of ht eatomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Aug 1945

Question 20

What was formed in Europe after WW2 to rebuild connections?

Answer 20

A trade network of coal and steel amongst all major european nations

Question 21

Treaties during ww2

Answer 21

The Treaty of Versailles (1919) was harsh on Germany, leading to economic distress and political instability, indirectly contributing to World War II. Agreements like the Munich Agreement (1938) aimed to appease Germany failed as they were seen as unfair by Germany. Other treaties which beenfitted in the stopping of the war included the Yalta Agreement which brought many more nations to the allied forces

Question 22

How many people were killed during ww2

Answer 22

50 - 85 million people

Question 23

Short term impacts of world war 2

Answer 23

Death of humans
Economic crisis due to excess spending on military acros Europe and Asia
Displacement of people
Division of Germany

Question 24

Long term impacts of world war 2

Answer 24

Cold war and tensions between capatalism and communism
Decolonisation of colonies occupied by Britain
Formation of United Nation in 1945 and European Union in 1993
Strengthing country relations such as US and western europe with Marhsall plan

Question 25

Legacy of World War II

Answer 25

World War II reshaped global politics, leading to the Cold War and the emergence of the US and USSR as superpowers. It also laid the foundation for international cooperation through the United Nations and European Union, shaping modern geopolitics. Many nventions that we use today are also a product of ww2 such as Computers, Super Glue and Microwave/Oven

Question 26

Peace Keeping agreements post ww2

Answer 26

Formation of UN - Protect Human rights and prevent another world war Formation of NATO and Warsaw Pact - to protect miliatry prowess and economic stability of its member states Marshall Plan by US helped revitalse the economy of western Europe

Question 27

Authrotarinism

Answer 27

A political system with concentrated power and limited individual freedoms and supression of any form of political opression

Question 28

Totalitarianism

Answer 28

A system where the state controls all aspects of life, using propaganda and surveillance to maintain power such as USSR

Question 29

Facism

Answer 29

An extreme nationalist ideology with dictatorial power, suppression of races, and emphasis on obidience to dictator

Question 30

Authrotarinism in Japan during ww2

Answer 30

After its industrilisation, Japanese militarism laid the groundwork for a state centered authrotarian empire. It wanted to compete with western powers and was evidence with the invasion of Manchuria. It was part of the Axis powers and Germany during ww2

Question 31

How was Manchuria invaded by Japan

Answer 31

by blaming Chinese nationalists for a destroyed railway in Japan and then attacking Manchuria. The remaining part of Manchuria later surrendered to Japan

Question 32

Mussolini and Facist Italy

Answer 32

Italy's gov was overthrown and Dictator Musollini was appointed. He promoted a nationalist ideology called facism. He allied with Hitlers Nationalist policy alongside his facism to be a part of the Axis powers.

Question 33

Why did Italy leave the allied forces

Answer 33

It didnt get enough from profits of the WW1 and hence finally Mussolini came into power as the saviour and signed the Pact of Steel with germany to promote communism and make Italy great like again like the times of the Roman Empire

Question 34

Impact of ww2 in medicine and Healthcare

Answer 34

- Feils of surgery got really advanced with surgeons using plastic surgery for the first time to help restore lot parts of skin - Development of vaccines against Typhoid, Tuberculosis and Small pox - Found cure for deadly diseases such as malaria - invention of vitamin supplements - Extensive use of ambulance and on-air aid - Creation of WHO

Question 35

Impact of ww2 on Miliatry tech

Answer 35

- development of weapons used by infantry, navy and airforce - invention of first machine guns that can be fired from a distance - Saw the usage of tanks, sircrafts and submarines - First time when poisonous gas was used - Radar and Computers were invented and became very advances - Invention of greatest weapon - Atomic bomb

Question 36

Impact of ww2 in terms of Role of Women

Answer 36

- Men were out on war and hence women became breadwinners of family because increase in number of women in factories and agriculture - more women became nurses - USSR and US even allowed women to be part of army - Other women such as Flora Sandes disguised themselves as men to fight in war - Women got granted voting rights and the second wave of feminism also grew during this time

Question 37

Impact of ww2 on International orgs

Answer 37

- First idea of collective secruity was made through the League of Nations - But that failed as they didnt have proper anti-war mechanisms and they were more focused on protecting economic interests of european nations - A better version in the form of UN and its comittees was made post ww2

Question 38

Impact of ww2 on Human rights

Answer 38

- A lot of atrocities was comited with human in ww2 in the form of Concentration camps and massive deaths - Discrimination in hte form of disenfranchisement against blacks also continued in US - Hence post ww2., we saw the development of the UN charter (inspired by the magna carta) and the invention of the United Nations Declreation of Human rights - Bills against racial segreation in US and the civil rights movement also happened

Question 39

Cold war in brief

Answer 39

The Cold War (1945-1990) was a period of ideological conflict between the US and the USSR, rooted in the clash between capitalism and communism. After Lenin transformed the USSR into a totalitarian state, relations with the US and Britain remained stable until the end of WWII. However, the USSR aimed to spread communism in Eastern Europe, prompting the US and Britain to counteract with the Iron Curtain and the formation of NATO. In response, the USSR established the Warsaw Pact. The US's Marshall Plan promoted capitalism in Western Europe, intensifying the ideological divide. The colonisation of Eastern Berlin by the Allied powers showed Western Berliners who were under communism, the benefits of capatalism. However USR's influence on asia was more than USA This led to proxy wars like the Korean and Vietnam Wars. The development of the Atomic bomb in the USSR further elaborated the tensions but Lenin ensured no hot war would break out. Tnesions escalated with missleies being placed in ally countries such as US in Italy and USSR in Cuba. The Cold War reshaped global politics and ended with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 and the opening of the Berlin wall in 1989.

Question 40

Just War theory

Answer 40

A framework set up to justify country involvment in violence. The factors are: 1. Just cause = reason must be morally legitamate such as self defence or protecting human rights 2. Legitimate authorit = Legitimate ppl in power are can only declare war 3. Right Intention = Pupose should be to restore peace 4. Proportionality = violence must be proportional to the injury suffered 5. Probability of Success = there must be a reasonable chance of winning the war

Question 41

Which UN article justifies coutnry's invovlvement of war

Answer 41

Article 51, which talks about how how there is a right of This article allows for the right to self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a member state and involvment of UN security Council as well

Question 42

What was the Long telegram

Answer 42

Written by George Kennan, an American diplomat in Moscow It was a 5,500 word message sent to the US state department on Feb 22nd 1946 about his analysis of the soviet foreign policy and how USSR viewed capitalism as its enemy and would always seek to break its influence. Kennan said that the USSR would try to spread communism through political pressure rather than war. And he advised US not to engage in any conflict but instead work to stop the soviet expansion. It became a foundational document for US's containment policy during the cold way and led to the creation of Truman Doctrine and the X article.

Question 43

The Iron curtain speech

Answer 43

The iron curtain was a wall (imaginary) on eastern Europe that separated the ideologies of communism and capitalism from east and west. In accordance with this, Churchill delivered the Iron Curtain speech also known as the Sinews of Peace on March 5th 1946 to highlight the growing divided between western democracy and soviet controlled eastern blocs In his speech, he talked about the need for a special relationship between US and Britain as the global guardians of peace. In response, Stalin used propaganda to declare the speech as war provoking and comparing Churchill to Hitler