unit 8 - protests

Question 1

What was the Civil Rights movements

Answer 1

Decade long struggle in the 1950s and 1960s aimed to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans in the Unites States and ensuring equal rights

Question 2

Origin of the Civil Rights movement

Answer 2

1. The American Civil War ended slavery in 1865, but African Americans continued to face systemic discrimination and were far from achieving equal rights.
2. The 1896 Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” topic, leading to the creation of Jim Crow laws
3. The establishment of the NAACP (1909) by Black and white activists laid the groundwork for challenging racial inequality and promoting equality, marking the official beginning of organized civil rights movement.

Question 3

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 3

Jim Crow laws were a set of state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the American South from the 1870s to the 1960s

Question 4

When was the NAACP formed and what was its goal

Answer 4

The National Association for Advancement of Coloured People was formed in 1909 to increase racial equality and challenge policies like the Jim Crow Laws

Question 5

Causes of Civil Rights movement

Answer 5

1. Black citizens were systematically disenfranchised through violence, and high taxes to their right to vote
2. Jim Crow laws enforced segregation in schools, transportation, and public spaces, treating African Americans as second-class citizens
3. Economic inequality persisted as African Americans were denied access to equal jobs, housing, and public services, deepening racial disparities in society.

Question 6

disenfranchised

Answer 6

deprive someone of the right to vote

Question 7

Key events of Civil Rights movement and what did it show

Answer 7

1. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) declared school segregation unconstitutional, paving the way for integrated schools in the U.S., with the first opening in 1955.
2. The Little Rock Nine (1957) was when nine African American students integrated into a high school in Arkansas, facing significant resistance but breaking barriers in education.
3. The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955), initiated after Rosa Parks’ arrest, demonstrated the power of nonviolent protests and brought national attention to the civil rights movement.

Question 8

Martin Luther King Jr

Answer 8

African American minister and activist who emerged as the leader of the movement, advocating nonviolent resistance and delivering iconic speeches like “I Have a Dream”, which inspired millions.

Question 9

Rosa Parks

Answer 9

American activist who through her defiance during the Montgomery Bus Boycott, became a national symbol of dignity and courage in the fight against racial injustice.

Question 10

Malcom X

Answer 10

Provided contrasting belief to that of Martin luther King Jr as he belived the Blacks should have their seperate nation and should protect themselves from white violence

Question 11

Impact and Legacy of the Civil Rights movements

Answer 11

1. It Led to landmark policies which ended segregation in public spaces, eliminated racial barriers to voting.
2. Social attitudes began to shift as schools and public institutions integrated, and systemic racial discrimination became illegal, inspiring other equality movements worldwide like the Apartheid movement
3. The movement’s long-term legacy includes milestones like the election of Barack Obama as the first Black president of the United States

Question 12

Policies implemented after the Civil Rights movement

Answer 12

John F Kennedy proposed the Civil Rights Bill in 1963 to the national congress to end segregataion in puclic spaces. This bill was accepted following his death

Voting Right Act - happened in 1965 which ended the prejudiced voting system

Question 13

2 main key figures in the apartheid movement

Answer 13

Nelson Mandela: A resilient leader of the ANC, Mandela symbolized the fight against apartheid and became South Africa’s first Black president.

Desmond Tutu: church leader who spoke out against apartheid, he promoted peace and helped South Africa heal through the Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Question 14

Key event of the apartheid movement - Sharpeville massacare

Answer 14

Sharpeville Massacre (1960): A peaceful protest against white laws initiated by the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). However the Police opened fire, killing 69 people and drawing global attention to the the movement

Question 15

Origin of the Salt March protest

Answer 15

1. The British colonial government imposed heavy taxes on salt, a basic necessity, making it unaffordable for many Indians and symbolizing colonial exploitation.
2. Mahatma Gandhi’s 11 demands to Viceroy Irwin as an ultimatum werent fullfilled, leading to the creation of the civil disobedience movement and the salt march which saw a mass participation for the fight for independance
3. Gandhi used this as a way to unit the indians in the fight for freedom

Question 16

Causes of the salt march protest

Answer 16

1. The salt tax significantly influenced the poor because it charged a basic requirement
2. Widespread dissatisfaction with British control over natural resources ignited Indian rage, making salt asymbol of resistance.
3. Gandhi aimed to unite people across class, caste, and religion by focusing on an issue that impacted all Indians equally.

Question 17

Key events of the Salt march

Answer 17

The march happened from march 12th to april 6th in 1930

On April 6th Gandhi broke the salt law by producing his own salt from seawater

This movement resulted and widespread protests, and strikes across India with a lot of leaders as well as common people being arrested

Question 18

Importance and Lgeacy of the Salt march

Answer 18

1. The Salt March gained international attention, exposing British colonial oppression and garnering sympathy for India’s independence movement.
2. It strengthened the Civil Disobedience Movement, mobilizing millions and increasing pressure on the British government to negotiate with Indian leaders.
3. The march became a lasting symbol of peaceful resistance, influencing global leaders and movements like Martin Luther King Jr.’s civil rights activism and Mandela’s anti appartheid movement

Question 19

Major indians impacted after the arrest of Gandhi

Answer 19

Usha Mehta - Who made an undercover radio named the Congress Radio 42.34 to spread the messages of Gandhi and other activists to the common people

netaji subhas chandra bose - Who after the announcement of the civil disobidience movement and the salt march decided to leave Berlin to help India in their fight. He called as the non violent gurella warfare of India