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Ancient World History > Unit 9: Medieval Religion (FRQ) > Flashcards

Unit 9: Medieval Religion (FRQ) Flashcards

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1
Q

Pope Gelasius I

A
  • recognized the conflicts between the Church and the state
  • 2 swords (one is religious and the other is political)
  • the emperor has political sword and the pope had the religious sword
  • he thought that the pope should bow to the emperor in political matters and the emperor should bow to the pope in religious matters
  • if each ruler kept the authority in his realm, then they could share powerin harmony
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2
Q

clergy

A
  • all bishops and preists

- fell under the pope’s authority

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3
Q

priests

A
  • lowest members of the clergy
  • supervised by bishops
  • local priests served as the main contact with the Church
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4
Q

bishops

A

-settled disputes over Church teachings and pratices

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5
Q

sacraments

A
  • important religious ceremonies
  • rites that paved the way for achieving salvation
  • marriage
  • baptism
  • confession
  • excorsism
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6
Q

canon law

A
  • Church law / religious law
  • head = pope
  • marriage and divorce (the pope could decide who the king can marry and he could break the marriage)
  • punishments = excommunication and interdict
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7
Q

the Church

A
  • pope
  • cardinals
  • archbishops
  • bishops = vassals; on the council for the king; provided men for the army; important to the king
  • priests
  • people
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8
Q

excommunication

A
  • banishment from the Church (1 person)

- freed the vassals of the excommunicated

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9
Q

interdict

A
  • banishments from the Church (whole country)
  • usually caused by the king, who probably screwed up
  • take away sacraments (no conffession, baptism….= everyone goes to hell)
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10
Q

Otto the Great

A
  • Otto I
  • crowned German king in 936
  • formed close alliance with the Church
  • formed the German-Italian Empire (the Holy Roman Empire)
  • invaded Italy on the pope’s behalf
  • 962 = crowned emperor by pope
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11
Q

The Holy Roman Empire

A
  • formaly known as the German-Italian Empire

- remained the strongest state in Europe until 1100

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12
Q

lay investiture

A

-the practice of kings appointing bishops intead of the Church

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13
Q

Pope Gregory VII

A

-banned lay investiture

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14
Q

Henry IV

A
  • practiced lay investiture
  • excommunicated by Gregory VII
  • vassals rebell
  • promised to not practice lay investiture again (stood outside in the snow at Canossa for 3 days)
  • the pope let him back in the Church
  • continued to practice lay investiture
  • got excommunicated again (vassals did not rebel)
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15
Q

Concordat of Worms

A
  • 1122

- let the Church appoint bishops but the emperor was allowed to veto

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16
Q

Frederick I

A
  • Barbarossa (Red Beard)
  • Germans Emperor (didn’t wat to share power with the pope
  • wanted to control N Italy (Charlemagne controled N Italy)—>where the Lombards lived
  • pope (the Church) sides with Lombards
  • Battle of Legnano = 1176; Lombard League vs. all the knights of Germany; Lombards won (Sacred War Wagon = ppl with cross bows–> armor piercing)
  • knights have never lost before
  • pope send him on crusade (3rd Crusade)
  • Fred is 80 yrs old—-> drowns in a river…..had lots of heavy armor on him
  • myth = he is in a cave sleeping waiting until Germany needs his help again
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17
Q

reliquiaries

A
  • box that hold the remains of a saint

- life-line to God (ask the saint to ask God to help them)

18
Q

How does Germany disunite in the Middle Ages?

A
  • German kings had little land, little power (weak), and fought to expand and fought with the pope
  • German princes elected weak kings, so the princes could do whatever they want
19
Q

Dark Ages

A
  • 500-1000

- Western Europe

20
Q

The Age of Faith

A
  • reformers established new religious orders
  • restored power and authority
  • pope began to reform the Church
21
Q

simony

A

-practice of bishops selling positions in the Church

22
Q

Problems in the Church

A
  • some priest were illiterate(couldn’t read prayers)
  • village priest were marrying and this was against Churhc rulings
  • simony
  • lay investiture
23
Q

the papal Curia

A
  • the pope’s groups of advisors
  • acted as a court
  • developed canon law
24
Q

Pope Leo XI and Pope Gregory VII

A
  • enforced Church laws against simony and the marriage of priests
  • 1100s-1200s = the Church was restructred to resemble a kingdom
25
Q

tithe

A
  • church tax
  • 10% of incom
  • the Church used some of the money to perform social services (helping poor and sick)
  • the Church operated most hospitals in medieval Europe
26
Q

friars

A
  • did not live in monateries, apart from the world
  • they preached to the poor throughout Europe’s town and cited
  • they owned nothing and lived by begging
27
Q

Dominic

A
  • Spanish priest

- founded Dominicans (one of the earliest order of friars)

28
Q

Francis of Assisi

A
  • Italian
  • founded Franciscans (friars)
  • treated all creature (animals) as if they were his spiritual brothers
29
Q

Clare

A
  • 1212 = worked with Francis of Assisi and founded the Francisan order for women
  • known as the Poor Clares
30
Q

Hildegard of Bingen

A
  • mystic ans musicain
  • 1147 = founded Benedictine convent
  • these women lived in poverty ans owrked to help the poor ans sick
  • women were not allowed to travel from place to place
31
Q

cathedrals

A
  • large churches

- built in city areas

32
Q

Gothic architecture

A

-Gothic = comes from the Germanic tribe named the Goths
-stain glass windows
-sculpture
-wood carvings
-pointed arches; flying butresses, ribbed vaults, tall spires
-very tall
Ex: Catherdral of Notre Dame; Chartres; Reims; Amiens; Beauvais;

33
Q

Pope Urban II

A

-christmas = issued a call for a crusade

34
Q

the Crusades

A
  • “holy wars”
  • the fight for the control of the Holy Lands of the Middle East
    1. July 15, 1099 = crusaders capture Jerusalem
    2. 1187 = Saladin and Muslims took back Jerusalem
    3. Richard and Saladin fight a lot; Saladin wins
  • 1192 = truce—> Jerusalem remained under Muslim control but unarmed Christian pilgrims were allowed access to it’s holy places
    4. 1204 = crusaders attemt to capture Jerusamlem but fail; instead they looted Constantinople because they couldn’t make it to the Holy Land
35
Q

Saladin

A
  • Kurdish warrior
  • most famous Muslim leader of the 1100s
  • most devout man
  • Christians regarded him as honest and brave
36
Q

Richard the Lion-Hearted

A

-English king
-fought Saladin during the 3rd Crusade
-

37
Q

Phillip II

A
  • Augustus

- king of France

38
Q

The Children’s Crusade

A
  • 1212 = thousands of children went to conquer Jerusalem
  • on group was led by Stephen of Cloyes (12 yrs old) = only armed with their faith; 30,000 kids
  • many died of starvation and cold (Mediterranean)
  • the rest drowned at sea or sold into slavery
  • Germany = Nicholas of Cologne gathered 20,000 kids and young adults and marched toward Rome
  • thousands dies while crossing the Alps but those who survived reached Italy ans met the pope (he told them to wait until they are older)
  • 2,000 survied the trip back to Germany
  • few boarded a ship for the Holy Land and were never heard of again
39
Q

the Reconquista

A
  • 800-1492 (700 yrs)
  • a long effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain
  • 1100s = Muslims (Moors) controlled most of Spain
  • by 1400s = the Muslims only had the kingdom og Granada
  • 1492 = Granada fell to the Christian army of Ferdinand and Isabella (Spanish monarchs)
40
Q

Inquisition

A
  • a court held by the Church to supress heresy
  • many Jews and Muslims converted to Christianity but these Jews and Muslims were suspected as converts of heresy
  • someone accused of heresy as tortured until they confessed, then they were killed (burned at the stake)
  • 1492 = monarchs banned the practice of Judaism and Islam from Spain
41
Q

Effects of the Crusades

A
  • Crusades = a time of increased persecution for the Jews
  • European merchants (who lived in the Crusader states) expanded trade between Wurope and Southwest Asis—> benefited Christians and Muslims
  • SW Asia = spices, fruits, cloth
  • pope’s power weakened
  • feudal nobility weaked and power of kings increased
  • thousands of knights and other participants lost fortunes and lives
  • the fall of Constantinople weakened the Byzantine Empire

Ancient World History (15 decks)

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