Unit 12: Renaissance and Reformation Flashcards
1
Q
Renaissance
A
- started in Northern Italy (1300-1600)
- “rebirth”
- revival of art and learning
- rebirth of classical culture (ancient greek/roman)
- innovative styles of art and literature
- new values (importance of the individual)
2
Q
secular
A
- worldly (be a good person to get into heaven)
- not spiritual
- wealthy= enjoyed material luxuries, good music, and fine foods
- spent money on art, education/literature (books and libraries), fashion, architecture (mansions and churches) and fancy banquets
- Middle Ages= demonstrated piety by wearing rough clothes and eating plain foods
3
Q
Humanism
A
- an intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements
- philosophy of life
- humans can be excellent
- humans have potential for great achievements
- model= ancient Greeks and Roman (nudity/ no shame, freestanding); understand Greek values not to make classical texts agree with Christian teachings
- influenced architects and artists to carry on classical traditions
- humanists popularized the study of subjects common to classical education-history, literature, philosophy (humanities)
- Middle Ages= everyone is a sinner, PRAY
4
Q
patron
A
-wealthy people/Church leaders who financially supported the arts
5
Q
Renaissance men
A
- good at everything
- “universal man”
- know classics
- be charming
- dance, sing, play music, write poetry, skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman
6
Q
Renaissance women
A
- know classics
- be charming
- do not seek fame
- inspire art, not create it
- better educated than medieval women
- little influence in politics
7
Q
perspective
A
-shows 3 dimensions on a flat surface
8
Q
vernacular
A
- native language
- not Latin
9
Q
Italy’s City-States
A
- lots of trade= new ideas, intellectual revolution, growth of cities; traded with Byzantines (Constantinople), and Muslims (preserved Greek and Roman literature)
- wealthy merhants= motivation to prove excellence (started out poor); became partons (support the arts, writers, and architects)
- they had thier and others portraits painted, which were shown in public to show excellence; some were given to the pope (School of Athens)
- had access to Greek and Roman sources/ideas
10
Q
merchants
A
-dominated politics
-had to prove (started out poor, then became wealthy)
-
11
Q
the Medici
A
- powerful banking family
- Cosimo de Medici= wealthiest European of his time; 1434: won control of Florence’s gov ; 30 yrs dictator of Florence; died in 1464
- Lorenzo de Medici (Lorenzo the Magnificent)= Cosimo’s grandson; Lorenzo the magnificent; ruled as dictator
12
Q
Greek and Roman inpiration
A
- Renaissance scholars looked down on art and literature of the Middle Ages and wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans
- ruins of Rome inspired scholars of Italy
- Western scholars studied ancient Latin manuscripts that were preserved in monasteries
- Christian scholars in Constantinople fled to Rome with Greek manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453
13
Q
Michelangelo Buonarroti
A
- sculptor, painter, poet, architect
- used a realistic style when depicting the human body (what he was famous for)
- Sistine Chapel
- dome of St. Peter’s
- starue of David
14
Q
Donatello
A
- made sculpture more realistic by carving natural postures and expressions that reveal personality
- statue= David—> first European sculpture of a free-standing nude sconce ancient times
15
Q
Leonardo da Vinci
A
- Renaissance man
- painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist
- Mona Lisa, The Last Supper (shows personality of Jesus’s disciples through facial expressions)
16
Q
Raphael Sanzio
A
- learned from studying da Vinci’s and Michelangelo’s work
- famous for use of perspective
- Madonna and child
- School of Athens
- painted famous Renaissance figures (Leonardo, Michelangelo, himself) as classical philosophers and their students
17
Q
Sofonisba Anguissola
A
- first woman artist to gain an international reputation
- known for her portraits of her sisters and of prominent ppl (King Phillip II of Spain)
18
Q
Artemisia Gentileschi
A
- accomplished artist
- trained with her painter father and helped with his work
- painted pictures of strong heroic women
19
Q
Francesco Petrarch
A
- one of the earliest, most influential humanists
- poet (sonnets- 14 line poems), wrote about a mysterious women named Laura, who was his ideal, and about important friends
- love poems
- some call him the father of Renaissance humanism
- wrote in Italian and Latin
20
Q
Giovanni Boccaccio
A
- wrote the Decameron (series of realistic, sometimes off-color stories) pg 476
- it presents both tragic and comic views of life
- wrote the history of the plague
- said that no one knew what caused it (Middle Ages= blamed Jews, God, themselves….etc)
21
Q
Niccolo Machiavelli
A
- philosophy
- wrote the Prince
- examined the imperfect conduct of human beings
- said if you were a prince and had to chose to he feared or loved, choose to be feared—> Unchristian
- like Caligula= “oderint dum metuant” (let them hate, so lang as they fear
- trick enemies and ppl
- “people are selfish, fickle, and corrupt” (ppl are slime)
- do what was politicaly effective, not what was morally right
22
Q
Vittoria Colonna
A
- 1492-1547
- married Marquis of Pescara
- writer, poet
- exchanged sonnets with Michelangelo
- helped Castiglione publish The Courtier
23
Q
utopia
A
- means “no place” in Greek
- the perfect place (no use for money, no war….)
24
Q
William Shakespeare
A
- playwright
- born 1592, in Stratford-upon-Avon
- wrote Romeo & Juliet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Hamlet, A Midsummer’s Night Dream, The Taming of the Shrew, and many more
- wrote tragedies and comedies
- performed at the Golbe Theater
- drew inspiration from classics
25
Q
Johann Guternberg
A
- craftsman from Mainz, Germany
- developed printing press
26
Q
printing press
A
- with moveable type
- made it possible for books to be produced quickly and cheaply
- books were more available
- when it previously took 5 months to write 1 book by hand, 500 books could be made in the same amout of time and would be cost less
- more ppl could have books, be able to read (common ppl
- Gutenberg Bible
- medical, law, and travel books
- maps
- common literature (plays…..)
