Unit 9: Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

character = ?

which one is mendel / modern

examples?

A

character (mendel) = gene (modern)

  • height, eye color
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2
Q

trait = ?

which one is mendel / modern

examples?

A

trait (mendel) = allele (modern)

  • tall/short
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3
Q

what are genotypes?

A

alleles inherit from parents (Tt, pp)

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4
Q

purebred = ?

which one is mendel / modern

A

purebred (mendel) = homozygous (modern)

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5
Q

what is homozygous?

A

both alleles the same -> TT/tt

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6
Q

what is heterozygous>

A

2 diff alleles, 1 dom 1 recessive -> Tt

heterozygous = hybrid

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7
Q

what are the 4 rules of Mendelian genetics?

A
  1. there are 2 possible alleles (traits) that affect 1 SINGLE phenotype in each gene
  2. alleles (traits) separate during meiosis
  3. individual inherits one allele (trait) from each parent per gene (character)
  4. dominant alleles are completely dominant over recessive alleles (traits)
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8
Q

What is Incomplete Dominance? examples?

A

heterozygous have 之間的 dom/recessive

ex: snapdragon flower
- Red (R) incomplete dominant
- White (r) recessive
→ PINK FLOWERS

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9
Q

What is Codominance? examples?

A

COllaborate
2 alleles for same gene EQUALLY DOMINANT

ex: ABO blood type equal amount of A&B antigens

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10
Q

What is Polygenic Inheritance? examples?

A

poly = many
→ 2+ genes affect 1 phenotype (looks)

ex: human skin determined by 3 diff genes (show continuous variation)

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11
Q

What is phenotype?

A

appearance caused by alleles inherited

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12
Q

What is Multiple Alleles? examples?

A

3+ alleles for a single gene

ex:
- A, B, O alleles for human blood
- 5 diff alleles (types) of fruit fly wings

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13
Q

What is X - Linked Genes? examples (3)?

A

gene carried ONLY in X chromosome

ex: (all female carriers cause recessively inherited)
1. human baldness
2. red - green color blindness
3. hemophilia

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14
Q

What is Lethal Genotypes? examples?

A

genotype that prevents fetus from developing

ex: lethal when….
- dwarf allele (D) when homozygous
- star eye (S) alele in fruit flies when homozygous

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15
Q

2 homozygous recessive + +

A

WILDTYPE

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16
Q

2 homozygous dominant ++

A

not wildtype

17
Q

trait of Huntington’s Disease?

A

Autosomal Dominant

18
Q

trait of Cystic Fibrosis?

A

Autosomal Recessive