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Biology 3100 > Unit 9 - FOCUS AREAS > Flashcards

Unit 9 - FOCUS AREAS Flashcards

1
Q

Name this bone marking

A

Crest of the pubic bone

Crest: A raised or prominent part of the edge of a bone. Crests are often the sites where connective tissue attaches muscle to bone.

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2
Q

Roughly trace the crest of the pubic bone

A
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3
Q

Name this region

A

Body of the pubis

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4
Q

Roughly trace the body of the pubic bone

A
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5
Q

Name this region

A

Auricular (articular) surface of the ilium

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6
Q

Identify the auricular (articular) surface of the ilium

Identify if this is a male or female pelvis

A

Female pelvis

Ways to distinguish:

Female:
- Bones are lighter and thinner.
- Pelvic inlet shape: round/oval
- Lesser pelvic cavity is shorter and wider.
- Subpubic angle: greater in females (>80*)
- Pelvic outlet rounded & larger.
- Sacrum: wider, shorter, less curved.

Male:
- Bones thicker & heavier.
- Pelvic inlet heart-shaped.
- Lesser pelvic cavity is longer & narrower.
- Subpubic angle: less than 70*
- Pelvic outlet: smaller

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7
Q

What is this bone marking?

A

Iliac crest (anterior view)

Crest: A raised or prominent part of the edge of a bone. Crests are often the sites where connective tissue attaches muscle to bone

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8
Q

Roughly trace the iliac crest

A

Crest: A raised or prominent part of the edge of a bone. Crests are often the sites where connective tissue attaches muscle to bone

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9
Q

What region is this?

A

Ramus of ischium

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10
Q

What region is this?

A

Ramus of ischium

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11
Q

Roughly trace the ramus of the ischium

A
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12
Q

Name this region

A

Ischial spine

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13
Q

Roughly trace the spine of the ischium

A
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14
Q

Name this bone marking

A

Ischial tuberosity

Tuberosity: a rounded prominence especially : a large prominence on a bone usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments.

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15
Q

Name this structure

A

Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament (deep portion)

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16
Q

Name this structure

A

Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament (superficial portion)

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17
Q
  • Name this structure
  • What does it connect?
  • What is its function?
A

Inguinal ligament

Attachment points:
- anterior superior iliac spine of the ilium
- pubic tubercle on the pubic bone.

Function:
- Attach external oblique muscle to the pelvis

18
Q
  • Name this structure
  • What does it connect? (origin/insertion)
  • What is its function?
A

Sacrospinous ligament

Attachment points:
- Origin: border of lower sacral and upper coccygeal segments (anterior to sacrotuberous ligament)
- Insertion: ischial spine

Function:
- Provide stability to the pelvis: prevents rotation of the illum past the sacrum

19
Q
  • Name this structure
  • What does it connect? (origin/insertion)
  • What is its function?
A

Sacrotuberous ligament

Attachment points:
- Proximal attachments: Posterior ilium, lateral sacrum and coccyx
- Distal attachment: Ischial tuberosity

Function:
- provide stabilization of the sacroiliac joint
- strengthen connection between bony pelvis and vertebral column

20
Q
  • Name this structure
  • What does it connect? (origin/insertion)
  • What is its function?
A

iliolumbar ligament

Origin: transverse processes of the L4 & L5 vertebrae
Insertion: iliac tuberosity and iliac crest

Function: stabilizes lumbosacral joint

21
Q
  • Name this structure
  • What does it connect? (origin/insertion)
  • What is its function?
A

Anterior sacro-iliac ligament

Attachments:
- ala of ilium
- pelvic surface of the sacrum

Function: stabilize the sacroiliac joint

22
Q
  • Name this structure
  • What does it connect? (origin/insertion)
A

Posterior sacro-iliac ligament

3 bands:
- interosseous sacroiliac ligament: tuberosities of the sacrum and ilium

  • short posterior sacroiliac ligament:
    ◘ origin at 1st and 2nd transverse tubercles of the sacrum
    ◘ insert: tuberosity of the ilium
  • Long posterior sacroiliac ligament:
    ◘ posterior iliac spine to the 3rd and 4th transverse tubercles of the sacrum
23
Q
  • Name this structure
  • What does it connect? (origin/insertion)
  • What is its function?
A

superior pubic ligament

attachment: superior aspect of the symphysis –> pubic tubercles

Function: strengthen interpubic joint

24
Q
  • Name this structure
  • What does it connect? (origin/insertion)
  • What is its function?
A

inferior pubic ligament

attachment: inferior aspect of symphysis

Function: strengthen interpubic joint

25
- Name this structure - What does it connect? (origin/insertion) - What is its function?
anterior sacrococcygeal ligament attachments: anterior surface of sacrum to anterior surface of apex of coccyx function: stabilize sacrococcygeal joint
26
- Name this structure - What does it connect? (origin/insertion) - What is its function?
Superficial Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament attachments: margin of sacral hiatus --> dorsal surface of coccyx Function: stabilize sacrococcygeal joint
27
- Name this structure - What does it connect? (origin/insertion) - What is its function?
deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament attachments: dorsal surface of 5th sacral segment --> dorsal surface of coccyx function: stabilize sacrococcygeal joint
28
- Name this muscle - Origin/insertion - Function
Obturator internus - Origin: ischial pubic ramus - Insertion: medial surface of the greater trochanter of femur Function: - external rotation of thigh at the hip joint - abduction of the flexed thigh at the hip joint - Stabilize hip joint by keeping the head of the femur within the acetabulum Fan shaped
29
- Name this muscle - Origin/insertion - Function - Innervation - Blood supply
Piriformis muscle (posterior view) Origins: - anterior surface of sacrum (between S2 and S4) - Gluteal surface of ilium (near posterior inferior iliac spine) - Sacrotuberous ligament Insertion: - apex of the greater trochanter of the femur Function: - external rotation of thigh - abduction (from flexed hip) of the thigh - Stabilize head of femur in acetabulum Innervation: nerve to piriformis (S1-S2) Blood supply: - superior gluteal artery - inferior gluteal artery - gemellar branches of the internal pundendal
30
- Name this muscle - Origin/insertion - Function - Innervation - Blood supply
Levator ani muscle (3 muscles) ◘ puborectalis ◘ pubococcygeus ◘ iliococcygeus Origin ◘ Puborectalis: posterior surface of body of pubic bone ◘ Pubococcygeus: posterior surface of body of pubic bone ◘ iliococcygeus: tendinous arch of internal obturator fascia + ischial spine Insertion: ◘ Puborectalis: None (forms 'puborectal sling' posterior to rectum) ◘ Pubococcygeus: Anococcygeal ligament, Coccyx, Perineal body and musculature of prostate/ vagina ◘ Iliococcygeus: Anococcygeal ligament, Coccyx Function: - Stabilize abdominal cavity and pelvic organs Innervation: - Nerve to levator ani (S4); - Pubococcygeus also receives branches via inferior rectal/ perineal branches of Pudendal nerve (S2- S4) Blood supply: - Inferior gluteal artery - inferior vesical artery - pudendal artery
31
- Name this muscle - Origin/insertion - Function - Innervation - Blood supply
Coccygeus muscle Origin: ischial spine Insertion: inferior end of sacrum and coccyx Function: - supports pelvic viscera - flexes the coccyx Innervation: anterior rami of spinal nerves S4 & S5 Blood supply: - Inferior vesical artery - inferior gluteal artery - pudendal artery
32
- Name this muscle - Origin/insertion - Function - Innervation - Blood supply
External oblique muscle ◘ most superficial (lies superficial to the internal oblique muscle and the transverse abdominis muscles) Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12 Insertion: - linea alba (connective tissue) - pubic tubercle - anterior half of iliac crest Function: - trunk flexion - Expiration - compresses abdominal viscera - trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral) - trunk rotation (contralateral) Innervation: - Motor nerves: ◘ intercostal nerves T7-T11 ◘ Subcostal nerve (T12) - Sensory nerve: iliohypogastric nerve (L1) Blood supply: - Lower posterior intercostal arteries - subcostal artery deep circumflex iliac artery
33
- Name this muscle - Origin/insertion - Function - Innervation - Blood supply
Internal oblique muscle: - Lies deep to external oblique muscle - Lies superficial to the transverse abdominis muscle Origin: - anterior two-thirds of iliac crest - iliopectineal arch - thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: - inferior borders of ribs 10-12 - linea alba (connective tissue) - pubic crest - pectin pubis Function: - Bilateral contraction - Trunk flexion, compresses abdominal viscera, expiration - Unilateral contraction - Trunk lateral flexion (ipsilateral), trunk rotation (ipsilateral) Innervation: - Intercostal nerves (T7-T11) - Subcostal Nerve (T12) - iliohypogastric nerve (L1) - ilioinguinal nerve (L1) Blood supply: - lower posterior intercostal artery - subcostal artery - superior epigastric artery - inferior epigastric artery - superficial circumflex artery - deep circumflex artery - posterior lumbar artery
34
- Name this muscle - Origin/insertion - Function - Innervation - Blood supply
Transverse abdominis Origin: - Internal surface of costal cartilages of ribs 7-12 - thoracolumbar fascia - anterior two thirds of iliac crest - iliopectineal arch Insertion: - linea alba (connective tissue) - aponeurosis of internal abdominal oblique muscle - pubic crest - pectinal line of pubis Function: - Bilateral contraction - Compresses abdominal viscera, expiration - Unilateral contraction - Trunk rotation (ipsilateral) Innervation: - Intercostal nerves (T7-T11) - subcostal nerve (T12) - iliohypogastric nerve (L1) - ilioinguinal nerve (L1) Blood supply: - Lower posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries - superior and inferior epigastric arteries - superficial and deep circumflex arteries - posterior lumbar arteries
35
- Name this muscle - Origin/insertion - Function - Innervation - Blood supply
Rectus abdominis Origin: - pubic symphysis - pubic crest Insertion: - Xiphoid process - Costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 Function: - Trunk flexion - compresses abdominal viscera - expiration Innervation: - Intercostal nerves (T7-T11) - subcostal nerve (T12) Blood supply: - Inferior epigastric and superior epigastric arteries - contributions from posterior intercostal - subcostal and deep circumflex arteries
36
- Name this muscle - Origin/insertion - Function - Innervation - Blood supply
Diaphragm Origin: - Sternal part: Posterior aspect of xiphoid process - Costal part: Internal surfaces of lower costal cartilages and ribs 7-12 - Lumbar part: Medial and lateral arcuate ligaments (lumbocostal arches), bodies of vertebrae L1-L3 (+intervertebral discs), anterior longitudinal ligament Insertion: Central tendon of diaphragm Function: - Depress the costal cartilages - Breathing Innervation: - Phrenic nerves (C3-C5) (sensory innervation of peripheries via 6th-11th intercostal nerves) Blood supply: - Subcostal and lowest 5 intercostal arteries - inferior phrenic arteries - superior phrenic arteries
37
- Name this nerve - its origin - what it innervates - its branches
Iliohypogastric nerve Origin: Lumbar plexus (L1) Innervation: - Motor: ◘ Transverse abdominis ◘ internal oblique ◘ conjoint tendon. Sensory: ◘ External oblique ◘ internal oblique ◘ transverse abdominis ◘ Skin of the suprapubic region and posterolateral aspect of gluteal region. Branches: it splits into 2 branches as it passes between the transverse abdominis and internal oblique: - lateral cutaneous branch - anterior cutaneous branch
38
- Name this nerve - its origin - what it innervates - its branches
ilio-inguinal nerve origin: lumbar plexus (inferior branch of anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1) Supply: - Motor: ◘ Internal oblique muscle ◘ transversus abdominis muscle - Sensory: Skin of proximal medial thigh, mons pubis, labium majus and root of the clitoris; anterior scrotum and root of the penis Branches: - Anterior labial nerves - anterior scrotal nerves
39
- Name this muscle - Origin/insertion - Function - Innervation - Blood supply
Levator ani muscle (3 muscles) ◘ puborectalis ◘ pubococcygeus ◘ iliococcygeus Origin ◘ Puborectalis: posterior surface of body of pubic bone ◘ Pubococcygeus: posterior surface of body of pubic bone ◘ iliococcygeus: tendinous arch of internal obturator fascia + ischial spine Insertion: ◘ Puborectalis: None (forms 'puborectal sling' posterior to rectum) ◘ Pubococcygeus: Anococcygeal ligament, Coccyx, Perineal body and musculature of prostate/ vagina ◘ Iliococcygeus: Anococcygeal ligament, Coccyx Function: - Stabilize abdominal cavity and pelvic organs Innervation: - Nerve to levator ani (S4); - --- Pubococcygeus also receives branches via inferior rectal/ perineal branches of Pudendal nerve (S2- S4)
40
- Name this structure - What does it connect? - What is its function?
Inguinal ligament Attachment points: - anterior superior iliac spine of the ilium - pubic tubercle on the pubic bone. Function: - Attach external oblique muscle to the pelvis
41
How do you distinguish between male and female pelvis?
Female: - Bones are lighter and thinner. - Pelvic inlet shape: round/oval - Lesser pelvic cavity is shorter and wider. - Subpubic angle: greater in females (>80*) - Pelvic outlet rounded & larger. - Sacrum: wider, shorter, less curved. Male: - Bones thicker & heavier. - Pelvic inlet heart-shaped. - Lesser pelvic cavity is longer & narrower. - Subpubic angle: less than 70* - Pelvic outlet: smaller

Biology 3100 (14 decks)

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