Lab 3 - Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Why is it advantageous for atery to have a thickened vessel wall?
1) Thicker walls = smaller lumen, which provides the advantage of maintaining pressure of blood moving through CV system
2) ability to withstand the higher BP
Why is it advantageous for veins to have thinner vessel walls?
Thinner walls = larger lumen, which allows for more blood flow due to creation of larger pressure gradient
What is systolic pressure?
measure of BP on arterial walls during ventricular contraction (systole)
What is diastolic pressure?
measures of BP on arterial walls during ventricular relaxation (diastole)
What is standard BP value?
120/80
Term for amount (volume) of blood pumped by heart per minute
cardiac output
Term for ability of blood vessel walls to expand to accommodate increased volume
Compliance
Define compliance
ability of blood vessel walls to expand to accommodate increased volume
What is the effect of temperature on BP and HR?
THINK SLEEPY AND SLOW
- BP decrease
- HR decrease
- vasoconstriction (keep blood with organs)
- you feel sleepy
- decrease in energy expenditure to conserve (heat beating = energy spent)
What is the effect of exercise on BP?
- Increase BP
- Increase HR
- Vasodilation (greater pressure gradient for faster blood flow)
Risks of high BP (hypertension)
- Enlarged heart from l. ventricle having to work harder to pump blood to rest of body
- Heart failure (heart gets tired of working so hard)
- Puts extra pressure on vessels with thin walls (capillaries) - results in non-ideal partial pressure (idea that speed of blood flow effects diffusion)
Risks of low BP (hypotension)
- dizziness (not getting enough 02 and buildup of C02 because of low flow rate)
- Rare (because of values) - backflow of blood.
When taking the pulse at the neck, which artery are you feeling for?
Common carotid artery
When taking the pulse at the wrist, which artery are you feeling for?
Radial artery
In terms of peripheral resistance, do you expect blood pressure taken at the tibial artery of the ankle to be higher or lower than the brachial artery at the arm? Why?
Lower - further away from the heart, so legs/feet theoretically point of lowest BP in body due to being furthest
from the heart.
Artery and vein that do NOT share a common name
- Common carotid artery + internal jugular vein:
INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
- Serves: drains the majority of the face, brain and neck
- Location: neck
CAROTID:
- origin:
◘Left common carotid artery: aortic arch
◘Right common carotid artery: brachiocephalic trunk
- Serves:
◘ External carotid: Structures of the head and neck
◘ internal carotid artery: forehead, nose, eyes and the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere
Example of an artery that carries deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary artery - carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
what is ischemia?
restriction in blood supplies due to a trauma (injury) or obstruction in the blood vessels
- E.g. buildup of cholersterol, or blood vessel gets cut and leaks
What is atherosclerosis?
Blockage of blood vessels due to build up of cholesterol deposits
name the term for the Blockage of blood vessels due to build up of cholesterol deposits
name the term for the Blockage of blood vessels due to build up of cholesterol deposits
atherosclerosis
What is a thrombosis?
when a blood clot obstructs a blood vessel
Term for a blood clot obstruction a vessel?
thrombosis
