Lab 3 - Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Why is it advantageous for atery to have a thickened vessel wall?

Answer 1

1) Thicker walls = smaller lumen, which provides the advantage of maintaining pressure of blood moving through CV system

2) ability to withstand the higher BP

Question 2

Why is it advantageous for veins to have thinner vessel walls?

Answer 2

Thinner walls = larger lumen, which allows for more blood flow due to creation of larger pressure gradient

Question 3

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 3

measure of BP on arterial walls during ventricular contraction (systole)

Question 4

What is diastolic pressure?

Answer 4

measures of BP on arterial walls during ventricular relaxation (diastole)

Question 5

What is standard BP value?

Answer 5

120/80

Question 6

Term for amount (volume) of blood pumped by heart per minute

Answer 6

cardiac output

Question 7

Term for ability of blood vessel walls to expand to accommodate increased volume

Answer 7

Compliance

Question 8

Define compliance

Answer 8

ability of blood vessel walls to expand to accommodate increased volume

Question 9

What is the effect of temperature on BP and HR?

Answer 9

THINK SLEEPY AND SLOW
- BP decrease
- HR decrease
- vasoconstriction (keep blood with organs)
- you feel sleepy
- decrease in energy expenditure to conserve (heat beating = energy spent)

Question 10

What is the effect of exercise on BP?

Answer 10

• Increase BP
• Increase HR
• Vasodilation (greater pressure gradient for faster blood flow)

Question 11

Risks of high BP (hypertension)

Answer 11

• Enlarged heart from l. ventricle having to work harder to pump blood to rest of body
• Heart failure (heart gets tired of working so hard)
• Puts extra pressure on vessels with thin walls (capillaries) - results in non-ideal partial pressure (idea that speed of blood flow effects diffusion)

Question 12

Risks of low BP (hypotension)

Answer 12

• dizziness (not getting enough 02 and buildup of C02 because of low flow rate)
• Rare (because of values) - backflow of blood.

Question 13

When taking the pulse at the neck, which artery are you feeling for?

Answer 13

Common carotid artery

Question 14

When taking the pulse at the wrist, which artery are you feeling for?

Answer 14

Radial artery

Question 15

In terms of peripheral resistance, do you expect blood pressure taken at the tibial artery of the ankle to be higher or lower than the brachial artery at the arm? Why?

Answer 15

Lower - further away from the heart, so legs/feet theoretically point of lowest BP in body due to being furthest
from the heart.

Question 16

Artery and vein that do NOT share a common name

Answer 16

• Common carotid artery + internal jugular vein:

INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN
- Serves: drains the majority of the face, brain and neck
- Location: neck

CAROTID:
- origin:
◘Left common carotid artery: aortic arch
◘Right common carotid artery: brachiocephalic trunk
- Serves:
◘ External carotid: Structures of the head and neck
◘ internal carotid artery: forehead, nose, eyes and the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere

Question 17

Example of an artery that carries deoxygenated blood

Answer 17

Pulmonary artery - carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery

Question 18

what is ischemia?

Answer 18

restriction in blood supplies due to a trauma (injury) or obstruction in the blood vessels
- E.g. buildup of cholersterol, or blood vessel gets cut and leaks

Question 19

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 19

Blockage of blood vessels due to build up of cholesterol deposits

Question 20

name the term for the Blockage of blood vessels due to build up of cholesterol deposits

Question 21

name the term for the Blockage of blood vessels due to build up of cholesterol deposits

Answer 21

atherosclerosis

Question 22

What is a thrombosis?

Answer 22

when a blood clot obstructs a blood vessel

Question 23

Term for a blood clot obstruction a vessel?

Answer 23

thrombosis