Unit 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Functional Assessment

A

Any formal methods used to identify sources of reinforcement that maintain problem behaviors

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2
Q

Functional Analysis

A

An experimental method that involves manipulating antecedents and consequences to determine their effect on behavior

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3
Q

Methods used prior to Functional Assessment

A

“Behavior Modification” that focused on the topography of the response
Overreliance on punishment

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4
Q

Impacts of Functional Assessment

A

Changes in the treatment culture (shift awayfrom chemical and physical restraint) and increase in reinforcement-based studies
Efficacy of intervention (more effective treatment)

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5
Q

Functional relation

A

Change in an independent variable (IV) produces orderly and predictable change ina dependent variable (DV)

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6
Q

Assumptions of Functional Analysis of Behavior Disorders

A

Behavior problems are learned performances

Adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are learned in the same manner

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7
Q

Purpose of Functional Analysis of Behavior Disorders

A

To identify the maintaining variable (source of reinforcement) for a behavior
Can tell us the conditions under which the behavior is unlikely to occur

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8
Q

Basic Features of Functional Analysis

A

Direct observation

Measurement of behavior under test and control conditions

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9
Q

Learned functions of behavior disorders

A

Positive Social
Positive Automatic
Negative Social
Negative Automatic

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10
Q

Functional Analysis Methodology

A

Purpose: To test a specific hypothesis about the controlling variables for problem behavior

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11
Q

Multiple Control

A

More than one test condition is elevated relative to the control condition

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12
Q

Undifferentiated patterns of responding

A

There is not clear separation between any condition and the control condition

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13
Q

Possible causes for Undifferentiated patterns of responding

A

Difficulties in discrimination
Relevant variables not tested
Multiple control
May be more likely for low rate behaviors

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14
Q

2 models of FA methodology

A

Carr and Durand or

Iwata et al.

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15
Q

Most efficient and effective duration for functional analysis sessions

A

10 mins

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16
Q

Experimental designs used in Functional Analysis

A

Multielement (the typical experimental design used)Reversal and Pairwise (designs used to enhance discrimination in functional analysis)

17
Q

Multielement Design

A

Rapidly alternate between conditionsPossible lack of discrimination between conditions

18
Q

Reversal Design

A

One condition ran at a time
Less common because of amount of time required
May be more likely for low rate behaviors

19
Q

Pairwise

A

One test condition alternated with control

May assist in discriminability of conditions

20
Q

3 Potential constraints to conducting a functional analysis

A
  1. Limited Assessment Time
  2. Potentially dangerous behavior
  3. Limited control over the environment
21
Q

Brief FA

A

Shortens the length of time to complete a FA for use in outpatient settings by doing only one session per condition

22
Q

Progressive model of Functional Analysis

A

Model that progresses from brief FA to more extended assessments to identify functions of problem behavior
Maximizes efficiency and increases probability of identifying a function

23
Q

Advantages of conducting a FA in a less controlled environment

A

Less disruption to the client’s routine

Requires fewer resources

24
Q

Idiosyncratic Variables

A

Variables that are not tested in the standard functional analysis

25
Topographies of behavior to reinforce in a FA
Most efficient to focus on all topographies | If necessary, place topographies on extinction until all topographies emerge
26
Requirements to conduct a FA
Potential benefits outweigh potential risks Protective procedures are in place Controlled setting available Sufficient trained staff Informed consent BA has procedural expertise Procedures reviewed & approved
27
Advantages of experimental analysis
Allows us to talk validly about cause-and-effect relationshipIsolates relevant variables Increases the likelihood that ineffective or unnecessary procedures are avoided
28
Limitations of experimental analysis
Failure to identify the full range of controlling variables Failure to identify the specific features of a situation that occasion the problem behavior Potential for iatrogenic effects Time and laborintensive May not simulate the natural environment