Unit 9

Question 1

Functional Assessment

Answer 1

Any formal methods used to identify sources of reinforcement that maintain problem behaviors

Question 2

Functional Analysis

Answer 2

An experimental method that involves manipulating antecedents and consequences to determine their effect on behavior

Question 3

Methods used prior to Functional Assessment

Answer 3

“Behavior Modification” that focused on the topography of the response
Overreliance on punishment

Question 4

Impacts of Functional Assessment

Answer 4

Changes in the treatment culture (shift awayfrom chemical and physical restraint) and increase in reinforcement-based studies
Efficacy of intervention (more effective treatment)

Question 5

Functional relation

Answer 5

Change in an independent variable (IV) produces orderly and predictable change ina dependent variable (DV)

Question 6

Assumptions of Functional Analysis of Behavior Disorders

Answer 6

Behavior problems are learned performances

Adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are learned in the same manner

Question 7

Purpose of Functional Analysis of Behavior Disorders

Answer 7

To identify the maintaining variable (source of reinforcement) for a behavior
Can tell us the conditions under which the behavior is unlikely to occur

Question 8

Basic Features of Functional Analysis

Answer 8

Direct observation

Measurement of behavior under test and control conditions

Question 9

Learned functions of behavior disorders

Answer 9

Positive Social
Positive Automatic
Negative Social
Negative Automatic

Question 10

Functional Analysis Methodology

Answer 10

Purpose: To test a specific hypothesis about the controlling variables for problem behavior

Question 11

Multiple Control

Answer 11

More than one test condition is elevated relative to the control condition

Question 12

Undifferentiated patterns of responding

Answer 12

There is not clear separation between any condition and the control condition

Question 13

Possible causes for Undifferentiated patterns of responding

Answer 13

Difficulties in discrimination
Relevant variables not tested
Multiple control
May be more likely for low rate behaviors

Question 14

2 models of FA methodology

Answer 14

Carr and Durand or

Iwata et al.

Question 15

Most efficient and effective duration for functional analysis sessions

Answer 15

10 mins

Question 16

Experimental designs used in Functional Analysis

Answer 16

Multielement (the typical experimental design used)Reversal and Pairwise (designs used to enhance discrimination in functional analysis)

Question 17

Multielement Design

Answer 17

Rapidly alternate between conditionsPossible lack of discrimination between conditions

Question 18

Reversal Design

Answer 18

One condition ran at a time
Less common because of amount of time required
May be more likely for low rate behaviors

Question 19

Pairwise

Answer 19

One test condition alternated with control

May assist in discriminability of conditions

Question 20

3 Potential constraints to conducting a functional analysis

Answer 20

1. Limited Assessment Time
2. Potentially dangerous behavior
3. Limited control over the environment

Question 21

Brief FA

Answer 21

Shortens the length of time to complete a FA for use in outpatient settings by doing only one session per condition

Question 22

Progressive model of Functional Analysis

Answer 22

Model that progresses from brief FA to more extended assessments to identify functions of problem behavior
Maximizes efficiency and increases probability of identifying a function

Question 23

Advantages of conducting a FA in a less controlled environment

Answer 23

Less disruption to the client’s routine

Requires fewer resources

Question 24

Idiosyncratic Variables

Answer 24

Variables that are not tested in the standard functional analysis

Question 25

Topographies of behavior to reinforce in a FA

Answer 25

Most efficient to focus on all topographies

If necessary, place topographies on extinction until all topographies emerge

Question 26

Requirements to conduct a FA

Answer 26

Potential benefits outweigh potential risks
Protective procedures are in place
Controlled setting available
Sufficient trained staff
Informed consent
BA has procedural expertise
Procedures reviewed & approved

Question 27

Advantages of experimental analysis

Answer 27

Allows us to talk validly about cause-and-effect relationshipIsolates relevant variables
Increases the likelihood that ineffective or unnecessary procedures are avoided

Question 28

Limitations of experimental analysis

Answer 28

Failure to identify the full range of controlling variables
Failure to identify the specific features of a situation that occasion the problem behavior
Potential for iatrogenic effects
Time and laborintensive
May not simulate the natural environment