Unit 3 Flashcards
Fundamental property
A characteristic of a phenomenon that exists independent of its measurement
Fundamental properties of behavior
Temporal locus
Temporal extent
Repeatability
Dimensional Quantity
A quantifiable (measurable) aspect of a fundamental property
Dimensional quantities of behavior
Latency, Duration, Countability, IRT, Rate, Celeration
Data
The quantitative results of deliberate, planned, and usually controlled observation
Datum
Singular form of the term ‘data’
Characteristics of a good response definition
Objective
Clear
Complete
Continuous (direct) response measures
Directly measure a dimensional quantity of behavior
Discontinuous (indirect) response measures
Do not measure behavior directly; most measure a dimensionless quantity (usually percent)
Dimensional quantities of continuous response measures
Event
Latency
Duration
IRT
Event recording(frequency recording)
Record time observation began Count the responses Record time observation ended Divide: Count/unit of timeReport as rate per unit of time
Event recording of restricted operants
Record each response
Record time observation ended
Report as (Responses/Antecedents)/unit of time
2 Types of Duration recording
Duration per session
Duration per occurrence
Duration per session
Total amount of time an individual engages in an activity
Duration per occurrence
Amount of time a target behavior occupies
Latency Recording
Specify whento start recording (at the onset or the offset of the stimulus).Specify when to stop recording (at the beginning or end of the response cycle).
Inter-response time (IRT) recording
Start timing at the END of the response cycle.Stop timing at the BEGINNING of the next response cycle.
Estimating mean IRT’s
Use when responses are distributed across the observation period, there are no significant outliers and you know the rate. Formula: Recording interval/count
Dimensionless quantities of discontinuous response measures
Percent occurrence Trials to criterion Discrete categorization Partial interval recording Whole interval recording Momentary time sampling PLACHECK
Percent occurrence
Similar to event recording of a restricted or discriminated operant which has been converted into a percent
Percent correct
A special case of percent occurrence
Trials to criterion
The number of consecutive opportunities to respond required to achieve a performance standard.Record each opportunity to respond until the performance standard is met.
Trials to criterion steps
- Determine what one trial will be
- Decide how to report (number of trials or number of block trials)
- Record count as the measure
- Present data
Discrete categorization(coding)
A method for classifying responses into discrete categories
Partial interval recording
A discontinuous response measure. Arecording session is broken into short intervals of time; occurrence is recorded if a response happens during any part of the interval
Whole interval recording
A discontinuous response measure.Arecording session is broken into short intervals of time; occurrence is recorded if the behavior occurs for the whole interval
Momentary time sampling
A discontinuous response measure.Aresponse is recorded as occurring only if it occurs at the point in time in which an interval ends.
PLACHECK
A group of individuals is observed at the end of an intervalCount how many of individuals are engaging in the target behavior(s)Compare with the total number of individualsPercent of individuals engaging in behavior(s)
Factors to consider when selecting a response measure
The dimensional quantity of interest.The estimated rate of the behavior.Whether to measure responses or episodes.Data collection: who, when, where, how long and how often
Permanent products
Measuring the results (or products) of behavior
Reliability
The consistency of measurement
Interobserver agreement
The coefficient of agreement between two or more independentobservers.Usually calculated as a percentage by dividing the number of agreements by the total number of agreements plus disagreements, then multiplying by 100.
Uses for IOA
Competence of new observers,Detecting observer drift,Validate collection methods,Increase confidence that interventions are responsible for behavior change
IV integrity
The degree to which an intervention is implemented as described/designated
The two main methods of IOA
Total countPercent agreement
Mean count per intervalIOA
Total agreement in each interval over Number of intervalsX 100
Exact count per intervalIOA
of intervals with 100% agreement over Number of intervalsX 100
IOA Guidelines
80% or aboveCollected and scored for a minimum of 33% of observations.
