Unit 9

Question 1

Seward’s Folly

Answer 1

the US buys Alaska from Russia for 7 million.
derogatory term to show anti-expansionist feelings after civil war.

Question 2

Josiah Strong

Answer 2

• clergyman
• a leader of the Social Gospel movement
• calling for social justice
• supported missionary work abroad so that all races could be “improved.”
• Social darwinist.

Question 3

The Influence of Sea Power Upon History

Answer 3

called for a stronger navy which translated to national greatness. Written by Alfred Thayer Mahan.

Question 4

Pan-American Union

Answer 4

organization of Latin American countries and the US to promote cooperation.

Question 5

Venezuela Boundary Dispute

Answer 5

a dispute between British Guyana and Venezuela about a gold rich border area. Britain rejected a US arbitration offer, saying that Monroe Doctrine meant nothing in international law. US emerged as dominant power in W Hemisphere after this, bcz Britain eventually backed down.

Question 6

Jingoism

Answer 6

an aggressive form of foreign policy, using the military to intimidate other countries. T Roosevelt. It increased our involvement in foreign affairs but it resulted in negative relationships with many countries.

Question 7

Yellow Journalism

Answer 7

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

Question 8

de Lôme letter

Answer 8

Spanish ambassador to the US criticized McKinley which further angered US citizens and pushed them closer to war.

Question 8

Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst

Answer 8

writers that sensationalized and promoted yellow journalism.

Question 9

USS Maine

Answer 9

After this exploded and sank, the US journalism blamed and framed the Spanish as the cause which pushed public opinion, and led America to fight Spain.

Question 10

Teller Amendment

Answer 10

The US would leave any jurisdiction or control in Cuba once they achieved independence from Spain.

Question 11

Rough Riders

Answer 11

led by Teddy Roosevelt during Spanish American War, and capture San Juan, becoming a war hero.

Question 12

Hawaii

Answer 12

we already had sugar plantations there. The planters living there imposed a constitution on the natives. They deposed Queen Liliuokalani because of disruption of sugar prices.

Question 13

Lusitania

Answer 13

a British passenger ship that was sunk by German U-boats and over 100 Americans died. This pushed US public opinion closer to going to war.

Question 14

Treaty of Paris

Answer 14

results in Cuban independence. The US also gets Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.

Question 15

Palmer Raids

Answer 15

The attorney general, Palmer, led an effort to seek out and remove all communists in the United States. It fed the fear of communism, because it showed reason for fear. Some communists attacked/tried to kill leaders

Question 16

Allied Powers

Answer 16

GB, RUS, France, ITA.

Question 17

Anti Imperialist League

Answer 17

• those unhappy with expansions.
• Made up of big names like Addams, Twain, Carnegie, and Jennings Bryan.
• They thought it violated the morals of the declaration of independence and constitution.

Question 18

Platt Amendment

Answer 18

authorized American withdrawal only after Cuba agreed not to make treaties with other powers or borrow beyond its means. Also reserved right to intervene there, and to establish a naval base there.

Question 19

Open Door Policy

Answer 19

secretary of state, John Hay, proclaims to the rest of the world that China is independent and all countries must have the right to trade there.

Question 20

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 20

Chinese rebels called the Boxers killed all foreign born people they found.

Question 21

Panama Canal

Answer 21

French tried making the canal first, didn’t work, let US try. But Colombia rejected America, but US wanted the canal, so TR orchestrated a revolution in Panama and freed it from Colombia. Installed a pro-US leader, and created the canal.

Question 22

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 22

claimed that the US had the power to take over a latin american countries to ensure their independence. US becomes a protector of latin america from European nations.

Question 23

Russo-Japanese War

Answer 23

Russia occupied Manchuria after Boxer Rebellion, but Japan wanted it, so they fought, Japan dominated. TR liked Russia defeat but wasn’t pro-Japan. Negotiated a peace treaty, and gave Korea to Japan. TR got Nobel Peace Prize.

Question 24

Gentlemen’s Agreement

Answer 24

the US agreed to allow Japanese Americans to attend white schools in San Francisco, and Japan said that they would curb/stop immigration to America. In spite of concessions, tensions continue into the 1940s.

Question 25

Tampico Incident

Answer 25

when American sailors were released by Mexico and refused to salute our flag, so the US retaliated and took over vera cruz. It ends up resulting in Huerta’s removal as president. It hurts our image and makes the US look like a bully.

Question 26

Pancho Villa

Answer 26

A Mexican bandit that came into the US and killed some Americans.

Question 27

John Pershing

Answer 27

In response to Pancho Villa, Wilson dispatched Pershing to handle things. Leader of AEF.

Question 28

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Answer 28

submarines can sink even merchant boats or transporters without warning.

Question 29

Zimmerman Telegram

Answer 29

A German message, intercepted by the British, asking Mexico to attack the US, promising a return of the Mexican cession. It is the final event that convinces the US to join the allies and the war.

Question 30

War Industries Board

Answer 30

government agency that shifted the American economy to war production. It increased economic efficiency, and provided plenty of job opportunities for people on the home front.

Question 31

Food Administration

Answer 31

led by Hoover, and it oversaw the production and allocation of wheat, meat, sugar, etc for the army. Relied on pledges by people for meatless monday, etc.. and propaganda. Hoover considered hero in Europe for keeping them fed and alive.

Question 32

Fuel Administration

Answer 32

regulated coal output, fuel price and consumption, and daylight savings.

Question 33

Committee on Public Information

Answer 33

said to report facts, but just wrote propaganda and the versions of the truth that the government wanted.

Question 34

Esponiage and Sedition Acts

Answer 34

fines and prison for those that were anti government, constitution, flag, military, or speech.

Question 35

Schenck vs. United States

Answer 35

ruled that when someone’s speech posed a clear and present danger to the nation, speech wouldn’t be protected. Showed that freedoms would be limited during wartime, and added to how the Espionage act would be enforced.

Question 36

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Answer 36

war aims with goals of democracy. Promised
* Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire right to self determination
* imperial disputes should consider the interests of the colonized
* free navigation + trade
* less armaments
* openly negotiated treaties
* association of nations to resolve conflicts

Question 37

Big Four

Answer 37

Lloyd George of GB, Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Wilson.

Question 38

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 38

disarmed, and stripped Germany of colonies. Had to take full blame and make reparation payments. France and Poland took lands, and a demilitarization zone was created.

Question 39

Irreconcilables

Answer 39

those that wouldn’t accept the League no matter what.

Question 40

Reservationists

Answer 40

led by Henry Cabot Lodge, they were a group of congressmen and people opposed to the joining of the League of Nations, mostly because it would take away Congress’ power to declare war, because of certain clauses in the agreement to join the League. They were open if amendments would be made.