Unit 8 Flashcards
Gilded Age
- 1870-90
- wealth gap and corruption
The Solid South
- the south voted democrat every election for 100 years after the civil war
- basically one party system of the south
Grand Army of the Republic
- founded by union soliders
- lobbied congress for aid and pensions for ex soldiers
- powerful among republicans
Greenback Party
- wanted to improve lives of laborers
- wanted more inflation
- height in 1878
- wanted paper money
Roscoe Conkling
- NY senator
- leads of the Stalwarts
Rutherford B Hayes
- republican
- part of Hayes-Tilden corrupt election
Stalwarts
- faction of republicans
- pro political machines
- pro patronage
Half Breeds
- Led by James G Blaine
- part of republican party
- wanted civil service reform and merit system
James Garfield
assassinated so Stalwarts could be in power in government
Chester Arthur
- Became president after Garfield was shot
- surprised people by supporting Pendleton Act
Pendleton Act
- created Civil Service Commission
- established merit system
James G Blaine
- leader of Half Breeds
- wanted civil service reform but was corrupt too
- said rum, romanism, rebellion…against immigrants and this cost election
Mugwumps
republican faction that supported Cleveland (D) bcz thought Blaine was corrupt
Grover Cleveland
- laissez faire guy
- wanted to lower the surplus and spend
- confronted the GAR’s fraudulent claims –> need proof for money
- repeals silver purchase
ma ma wheres my pa
said about cleveland and his illegitimate child in election against blaine
Benjamin Harrison
- republican who imposed highest tariff (Mckinley)
- increased federal spending
Billion dollar congress
- republican congress 1890
- passed record number of important laws
- gave power to federal government
- gave pension to civil war vets
- increased silver purchase
- passed McKinley Tariff
The Grange
social organization of farmers that developed into political movement which was the farmer’s alliance
Farmer’s Alliance
- wanted lower tariffs
- more silver coinage
- set up cooperatives
Populist Party Platform
- pro silver
- direct election of senators
- australian ballot
- 8 hour workday
- restriction of “undesirable immigration”
James B Weaver
- populist party
- from west
- won 8% of votes in 1892
Panic of 1893
- over extension of railroads caused collapse and bankruptcies
Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
increased coinage of silver and silver circulation
Coxey’s Army
- unemployed workers led by Jacob Coxey
Free Silver
- Political issue abt unlimited coinage of silver
- supported by farmers and William Jennings Bryan
Gold Cross Speech
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan
- democrat
- ran in 1896 supporting silver coinage
- got support from populist party which caused them to fall apart
William McKinley
- raised tariffs
- maintained gold standard
- industrial growth
Election of 1896
- McKinley (W) vs William JB (L)
John Dewey
- education reformer
- learning by doing
- workbench as important as blackboard
Ida Tarbell
exposed corruption of oil industry w “A history of standard oil”
Lincoln Steffens
- started muckraking journalism w McClure
- criticized trend of urbanizaiton w/ “Shame of the Cities”
Initiative
A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.
Referendum
A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.
Robert La Follette
- WI governor implemented progressive policies
- impacted fed govt to shift left politically
- part of the Insurgents
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
- one of the leading temperance groups
- famous for women’s role in the movement
The Birth of a Nation
It demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived & glorified the KKK.
Ida Wells Barnett
- african american writer
- early civil rights leader
- documented lynching
- active in women’s rights
- worked w WEB Du Bois w/ NAACP and Niagra Movement
NAACP
- abolish segregation and discrimination
- achieve political and civil rights
Carrie Chapman Catt
- conservative president of NAWSA
- pushed state by state nationwide suffrage movement
Alice Paul
- giving women right to vote would elimate political corruption
- women are the moral compass of society
- had militant strategies, didn’t want to lobby and use old methods
Margaret Sanger
- American Birth Control League
- first birth control clinic
Theodore Roosevelt
- trust buster
- Hepburn Act (expanded ICC, set max rates for railroads)
- safe food regulations
Square Deal
Economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers (in labor disputes; 1902 Coal Strike)
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
- didn’t allow manufacture, transport, or sale of mislabeled or altered food, drugs, etc.
- paved way for FDA
Meat Inspection Act
- made rules for sanitary mea packing
- govt will inspect meat products crossing state lines
Newlands (National Reclamation) Act
- funded irrigation projects in the west
William Howard Taft
- angered progressives in party & TR by becoming conservative
- trust buster
- Mann Elkins Act:
- Payne Aldrich Tariff:
- Pinchot Ballinger Controversy:
insurgents
- reformist progressive republicans
- follette, albert cummins, george norris, william borah
Bull Moose Party Platforms
- new nationalism
- lower tariffs
- taxed income
- women’s rights
- currency reform
- minimum wage
- limits on campaign spending
Woodrow Wilson
- federal reserve act: set up fed banks and gave govt power to control money supply, fed reserve notes begin
16th amendment
congress can tax income
17th amendment
direct election of senators
18th amendment
prohibition/temperance
19th amendment
women get right to vote
