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APUSH > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

executive departments

A

establishment of the national cabinet under george washington

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2
Q

judiciary act of 1789

A

established the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system and created the position of attorney general.

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3
Q

infant industries

A

the manufacturing enterprises that sprung up while trade with Britain had been suspended; because they faced intense competition from low-cost imported goods

Hamilton proposed to protect the young nation’s new and developing industries by imposing high tariffs on imported goods

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4
Q

french revolution

A
  • citizen genet was released onto america by french to gather support for this. <- caused proclamation of neutrality
  • southerners/dem-republicans supported the french
  • notherners/federalists supported the british
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5
Q

proclamation of neutrality

A

issued by U.S. President George Washington on April 22, 1793, that declared the nation neutral in the conflict between revolutionary France and Great Britain.

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6
Q

public land act

A

intended to lower the price of land so that Americans could spread out into unsettled areas. However, it was almost always spectators who bought the land, rather than settlers. 640 acres, encourage westward

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7
Q

washington’s farewell

A

His key points were to warn Americans against
- the danger of political parties
- to remain neutral in foreign conflicts

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8
Q

xyz affair

A

a diplomatic incident (french agents asked for bribes before allowing americans to speak with marquis) between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War.

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9
Q

kentucky and virginia resolutions

A

Drafted in secret by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, the resolutions condemned the Alien and Sedition Acts as unconstitutional and claimed that because these acts overstepped federal authority under the Constitution, they were null and void.

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10
Q

national bank

A
  • cost taxpayers nothing
  • make loans to the government
  • issue paper notes to circulate as money
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11
Q

citizen genet

A

Citizen Genêt was Edmond-Charles Genêt, the first Ambassador to the United States from the Republic of France. Genêt was responsible for encouraging Americans to go to war with Great Britain and France. This led to President Washington’s 1793 Proclamation of Neutrality and the passage of the Neutrality Act of 1794.

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12
Q

right of deposit

A

via a treaty w Spain, americans could send goods down the Mississippi River and store them in New Orleans without paying export duties.

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13
Q

permanent alliances

A

george washington warned against them

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14
Q

alien and sedition acts

A
  1. alien friend and enemy: allow to deport any foreigner in time of peace or war
  2. naturalization act: lengthened naturalization process from 5 to 14 years because immigrants voted for democratic-republicans (affected irish)
  3. sedition: anyone who attempted to defame public officials can be imprisoned
  4. act should last until march 3rd 1801 (this was a political move because federalists thought jefferson would win and wanted to be able to defame him w/o repurcussions)
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15
Q

henry knox

A

under washington he was the first secretary of war; came to power in 1789; was the first to be entrusted with the infant army and navy

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16
Q

tariffs

A

taxes/fees on imports

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17
Q

jay treaty

A

got british off of our western land and forts, didn’t handle impressment

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18
Q

battle of fallen timbers

A
  • resulted in treaty of greenville (we secured ohio)
  • An attack made by American General “Mad Anthony Wayne” against invading Indians from the northwest.
  • The defeat of the Indians ended the alliance made with the British and Indians.
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19
Q

two term tradition

A

george washington’s actions set the precedent to not serve more than two terms as president

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20
Q

revolution of 1800

A

Vice President Thomas Jefferson, defeated the Federalist Party candidate, incumbent president John Adams.

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21
Q

edmund randolph

A

washington’s attorney general

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22
Q

excise taxes

A

Tax on good produced domestically. Excise taxes, particularly the 1791 tax on whiskey were highly controversial component of Alexander Hamilton’s financial program.

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23
Q

pinckney treaty

A
  • won the right to unrestricted, duty free access to world markets via the mississippi river.
  • recognized 3st parallel as southern border
  • got rid of forts
  • discouraged native attacks on western settlers.
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24
Q

whiskey rebellion

A

excise tax on domestic whisjey caused a violent protest in pennsylvania, washington gathered an army and put down the rebellion

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25
Q

john adams

A
  • 2nd pres and a Federalist
  • passed the Alien and Sedition Acts. (hurt popularity)
  • kept peace after the XYZ Affair.
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26
Q

thomas jefferson

A

A prominent statesman,this man became George Washington’s first secretary of state. Along with James Madison, he took up the cause of strict constructionists, advocating limited federal government.

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27
Q

strict interpretation

A

to strictly follow the words of the consitution to a T

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28
Q

marbury v madison

A

established judicial review

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29
Q

james madison

A
  • 4th Pres
  • Oversaw the War of 1812
  • non-intercourse act and macon’s bill #2
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30
Q

the prophet

A

tecumseh’s brother who wanted to avoid the white people and had visions, his influence decreased after the battle of tippacanoe

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31
Q

henry clay

A
  • “Great Compromiser”
  • Missouri Compromise and squashed the Nullification Crisis.
  • During the War of 1812, he was a leader of the War Hawks faction of Congress.
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32
Q

battle of horseshoe bend

A

during the War of 1812 in central Alabama.
- american forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.

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33
Q

hartford convention

A

convention of federalists
- no president from same state in a row
- one term limit for president
- end of 3/5ths compromise
- 2/3 majority should be needed for an embargo
- 2/3 needed for war too
- discussed secession as well (this caused americans to turn on them and led the decline of the federalist party)

34
Q

james monroe

A

He was the fifth President of the United States. He is the author of the Monroe Doctrine.

35
Q

second bank of US

A
  • chartered under President Madison
  • became a depository for federal funds and a creditor for (loaning money to) state banks.
  • It became unpopular after being blamed for the panic of 1819
  • Jackson fought against this institution, proclaiming it to be an unconstitutional extension of the federal government and a tool that rich capitalists used to corrupt American society.
36
Q

mcculloch v maryland

A

1819, chief justice john marshall limits of the US constition and of the authority of the federal and state govts. one side was opposed to establishment of a national bank and challenged the authority of federal govt to establish one. supreme court ruled that power of federal govt was supreme that of the states and the states couldnt interfere

37
Q

tallmadge amendment

A

not officially passed
at age 25 slaves are set free
This was an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.

38
Q

florida purchase treaty

A

1819 - Under the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the U.S., and the U.S. gave up its claims to Texas. gave american southwest to spain

39
Q

non-intervention

A

abstention by a nation from interference in the affairs of other nations or in those of its own political subdivisions.

40
Q

louisiana purchase

A

In 1803 Thomas Jefferson purchased 828,000 square miles of land for 15 million dollars from Napoleon the leader of France. The land mass stretched from the Gulf of Mexico all the to Rocky Mountains and Canada. The purchase of this land sprouted national pride and ensured expansion.

41
Q

lewis and clark

A

The explorers who were sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase. They were sent mainly to find a water route connecting the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean. They expanded America’s knowledge of the vast territory and warned of the hardships settlers would face moving west. However, they failed finding an all-water route.

42
Q

aaron burr

A

one of the leading Democratic-Republicans of New york. He was the principal opponent of Alexander Hamilton’s Federalist policies. In the election of 1800, Burr tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made Burr Vice- President.

43
Q

impressments

A

Impressment was the action of compelling men into a navy by force and without notice.

44
Q

non-intercourse act

A

formally reopened trade with all nations except England and France on March 1, 1809. A replacement of the Embargo Act. Made by the Republican Congress in an attempt to make England and France stop harassing the American ships and recognize the neutrality of America.

45
Q

william henry harrison

A

9th President of the United States; caught pneumonia during his inauguration and died shortly after. Longest inauguration speech. Shortest presidency term.

46
Q

war of 1812

A
  • fought between Britain & the United States largely over the issues of trade & impressment. Though the war ended in a relative draw, it demonstrated America’s willingness to defend its interest militarily, earning the young nation newfound respect from European powers.
47
Q

the creeks

A

a native american tribe

48
Q

era of good feelings

A

political era when the Federalist party faded away and there were almost no divisions; James Monroe was President.

49
Q

economic nationalism

A

The core belief of economic nationalism is that the economy should serve nationalist goals.
ex. american system

50
Q

internal improvements

A

the program for building roads, canals, bridges, and railroads in and between the states. there was a dispute over whether the federal government should fund internal improvements, since it was not specifically given that power by the constitution.

51
Q

gibbons v ogden

A

steamboat case, state of NY tried to grant a private concern a monopoly of waterborne commerce between NY and NJ … developed interstate trade

52
Q

missouri compromise

A

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories
missouri = slave state & maine = free state

53
Q

napoleon

A

French general who became emperor of the French (1769-1821)

54
Q

john marshall

A

the last federalist
important supreme court justice

55
Q

quids

A

john randolph was a part of this group and was basically the high federalist counterpart in the democrat-republicans.. said jefferson was too federalist

56
Q

chesapeake-leopard

A

final event of impressment/british harassment that results in the embargo act

57
Q

macon’s bill no. 2

A

1810 - Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first. France quickly changed its policies against neutral vessels, so the U.S. resumed trade with France, but not Britain.

58
Q

battle of tippecanoe

A

Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecumseh and the Prophet attempted to oppress white settlement in the West, but defeated by William Henry Harrison. Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause to the War of 1812.

59
Q

francis scott key

A

United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812 which became the national anthem

60
Q

battle of new orleans

A

Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S.

61
Q

sectionalism

A

excessive or narrow-minded concern for local or regional interests as opposed to the interests of the whole

62
Q

american system

A

An economic system based upon the ideas of Hamilton. It included a high tariff to support
- internal improvements and a
- national bank to encourage enterprise.
- henry clay developed a plan for profitable home markets called this in 1824

63
Q

panic of 1819

A

The first major financial crisis in the United States, which occurred at the end of the Era of Good Feelings.
- a dramatic decline in cotton prices,

64
Q

dartmouth college v. woodward

A

1816- A Supreme Court case, under John Marshall. The state of New Hampshire tried to turn private university Dartmouth into a public school. The Supreme Court decided that Dartmouth’s charter was a contract between private parties, and could not be interfered with by the government.

65
Q

rush bagot agreement

A

a treaty between the United States and Britain which provided for the demilitarization of the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, where many British naval arrangements and forts still remained. The treaty laid the basis for a demilitarized boundary between the U.S. and British North America.

66
Q

monroe doctrine

A

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

67
Q

erie canal

A

A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.

68
Q

toussaint l’ouverture

A

led the revolution in haiti

69
Q

judicial review

A

established by marbury v madison (the judiciary’s job is to review if things are constitutional or not)

70
Q

barbary pirates

A

The name given to several renegade countries on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa who demanded tribute in exchange for refraining from attacking ships in the Mediterranean. From 1795-1801, the U.S. paid the Barbary states for protection against the pirates.
Jefferson stopped paying the tribute, and the U.S. fought the Barbary (Tripolitan) Wars (1801-1805) against the countries of Tripoli and Algeria.
The war was inconclusive and the U.S. went back to paying the tribute.

71
Q

embargo act

A

The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by Congress forbidding all exportation of goods from the United States.
- Britain and France had been continuously harassing the U.S. and seizing U.S. ship’s and men.
The U.S. was not prepared to fight in a war, so Pres. Jefferson hoped to weaken Britain and France by stopping trade. The Embargo Act ended up hurting our economy more than theirs. It was repealed in 1809. The Embargo Act helped to revive the Federalists. It eventually led to the War of 1812

72
Q

tecumseh

A

A Shawnee chief who, along with his brother, Tenskwatawa, a religious leader known as The Prophet, worked to unite the Northwestern Indian tribes. The league of tribes was defeated by an American army led by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. Tecumseh was killed fighting for the British during the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames in 1813.

73
Q

war hawks

A

The War Hawks were members of Congress who put pressure on President James Madison to declare war against Britain in 1812. The War Hawks tended to be from southern and western states, and were prompted by expansionist tendencies, in particular the desire to add Canada and Florida to the territory of the United States.

74
Q

andrew jackson

A
  • 7th Pres
  • general in the War of 1812
  • defeated the British at New Orleans
  • opposed the Bank of America
  • objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws
  • increased the presidential powers.
75
Q

treaty of ghent

A

treaty that ended the war of 1812 – status quo antebellum (maintaining the prewar conditions)

76
Q

tariff of 1819

A

A law made to protect the US economy from the build up of British goods that had accumulated during the War of 1812.

77
Q

treaty of 1818

A

a treaty between the United States and Britain that set the 49th parallel as the boundary between British North America and the US across the West.

78
Q

non-colonization

A

was a principle of the Monroe Doctrine proclaimed by United States president James Monroe in 1823. It stated that the Americas should undergo no further colonization by European powers.

79
Q

john quincy adams

A

Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams’ work.

80
Q

convention of 1800

A

normalized relationship with france and without it we might have not bought the louisiana territory

APUSH (9 decks)

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