unit 9 Flashcards
origin line
line that goes through the middle of wave lengths
wave-particle duality theory
concept of quantum mechanics that substances exhibit particle or wave properties according to the experimental particles
photon
a particle of light, a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy that ineracts with matter similarly to particles
energy
the capacity for doing work or producing heat, usually measured in joules (j)
excited state
a higher energy state of an electron or atom
relationship between energy and frequency
direct
f
-7 orbitals
- fancy shape
- 14 electrons max
wavelength
distance between the same points on adjacent waves, usually measured in (m) or (nm)
aufbau principle
electrons fill lower-energy atomic orbitals before filling higher-energy one
relationship between wavelength and frequency
inverse
valence electrons
electrons on the most outer energy level
same # as column
d
-5 orbitals
- double dumbbell or dumbbell with donut
- 10 electrons max
s
- 1 orbital
- spherical shape
-2 electrons max
core electrons
all electrons inside the valence level
spectroscope
an apparatus for producing and recording spectra for examination
relationship between energy and wavelength
inverse
sublevel (subshell)
coefficient number, level of energy
hund´s rule
before the double occupation of any orbital, every orbital in the sub level is singly occupied.
Pauli exclusion principle
only 2 electrons can occupy a single atomic orbit but only if the electrons have opposite spins
ground state
lowest possible energy level of an electron or atom
energy level (shell)
distance from nucleus, the specific energies of an electron an atom can have
what happens to electrons when an emission spectrum is produced
- electrons absorb energy
-electrons release energy
-energy that is released is in the form of light
crest
highest point on a wave
frequency
the number of times a point on a wave passes a given point per unit of time. usually measured in hertz (hz)
trough
lowest point of a wave
p
- 3 orbitals
- peanut or dumbbell shape
- 6 electrons max
amplitude
distance from crest or trough to origin line
