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AP Psych > Unit 9 > Flashcards

Unit 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

Studies development for cradle to grave

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2
Q

Prenatal development plays a role in…

A

Who you are

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3
Q

Babies born at _____ weeks are considered viable

A

24 weeks

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4
Q

90% of babies are born within ____ weeks of their due date

A

2 weeks

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5
Q

Premature

A

Lungs not fully developed

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6
Q

Preterm

A

Born before 38 weeks

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7
Q

Prenatal period

A

40 weeks

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8
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg
First 2 weeks
Cells start to differentiate

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9
Q

Embryo

A

Developing human organism
2-8 weeks
Most major organs formed

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10
Q

Fetus

A

9 weeks - birth

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11
Q

Placenta

A

Cushion of cells in the mother that nurtures and gives oxygen to the fetus

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12
Q

Teratogens

A

Harmful substances that cross the placenta barrier and prevent the fetus from developing normally

ex. radiation, toxic chemicals, viruses, alcohol, drugs, nicotine

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13
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

Physical/cognitive abnormalities that appears in children whose mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol while pregnant

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14
Q

Oxytocin

A

Chemical that causes cervix to dualste
Bonding chemical
Causes contractions

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15
Q

Habituation

A

Decreased responsiveness to repeated stimulus

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16
Q

Colors babies can see at birth

A

Red, white, black

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17
Q

How far babies can see at birth

A

8-12 inches

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18
Q

Important newborn reflexes

A

Rooting - touching baby’s cheek causes it to search for a nipple

Stepping - baby makes walking motion if held so feet touch ground

Moro - startle reaction

Palmer - grasp anything that touches hand

Babinski - toes spread when sole of foot is stroked

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19
Q

Maturation

A

Biological timing of walking, talking, and physical changes

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20
Q

Maturation is to ________, as nature is to nurture

A

Education

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21
Q

Last sense to develop in a newborn

A

Sight

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22
Q

Important periods of brain development

A

8-16 weeks (uterus) - brain develops
3-6 years

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23
Q

Pruning process

A

8-10 months
Brain rods itself of ineffective and weak brain connections

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24
Q

Infantile amnesia

A

Not remembering life before 3
Lack of proper neural connections

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25
Motor development
Includes all physical skills and muscular coordination
26
Cognition
All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering
27
Sigmund Freud
Psychosexual stages of child development
28
Erik Erickson
Psycho-social stages of child development
29
Lawrence Kohlberg
Moral stages of child development
30
Jean Piaget
Cognitive stages of child development
31
Schema
Mental mold
32
Assimilation
Add new ideas
33
Accommodation
Update schema
34
Piaget - sensorimotor stage
Birth-2 yrs Babies learn about the world through sensory impressions and motor activities Object permanence Stranger anxiety
35
Piaget - preoperational stage
2-6 yrs Child learns to use language, CANNOT think logically Egocentric Animism Theory of the mind Autism usually diagnosed at this stage
36
Theory of the mind
People’s ideas about their own and others’ mental state Autism is an impaired theory of the mind
37
Piaget- concrete operational stage
6-11 yrs Child gains mental skills that let them think logically about concrete events Conservation
38
Piaget - formal operational stage
12+ Begin to think logically about abstract concepts Form strategies about things they might not have experienced (what if?)
39
Lev Vygotsky
Believed every child could be their own problem solver with a little help Scaffolding
40
Scaffolding
Give kids hints, not answers
41
Good quality daycare is most important at
0-18 months
42
The ______ attachments a kid forms the better
More
43
Attachment
Emotionally tied
44
Ainsworth - securely attached
Child will explore surroundings when primary caregiver is present
45
Ainsworth - insecurely atrached
Child appears distressed and cry when caregiver leaves, will become clingy upon caregiver’s return
46
Konrad Lorenz
Imprinting Critical periods of attachment
47
Ainsworth - resistant
Intense distress when parent leaves
48
Ainsworth - avoidant
No sign of distress when mother leaves
49
_________ helps most infants recover from attachment disruption
Responsive environment
50
Temperament
A person’s characteristics
51
Self concept
Who am I
52
Self esteem
Confidence, self worth
53
Self awareness
Ability to perceive the things that make you who you are
54
Self efficacy
Believing in yourself
55
Reactive attachment disorder
When a child doesn’t form healthy emotional bonds with caretakers Stems from abuse/neglect at an early age
56
Baumrind - Authoritarian parenting
My way or the highway Imposing rules, expecting obedience Strict discipline, sometimes physical High maturity expectations
57
Baumrind - Permissive parenting
Anything goes Indulgent - Wants to be your friend Negligent- doesn’t care Rarely disciplined Low maturity expectations
58
Baumrind - Authoritative parenting
Balanced, kids have a say, setting/enforcing rules Moderate maturity expectations High communication/negotiation Moderate discipline
59
Responsive parents
Always aware of what child is doing
60
Unresponsive parents
Ignore child Helps child only when they want to
61
Abusive parents have a _________ impact on your life
Bigger
62
_______ influence becomes most important once middle school hits
Peer
63
G Stanley Hall
Adolescence is a time of storm and stress
64
Margaret Meade
Adolescence is an enjoyable time
65
Adolescence
You become who you are Worry about other’s options Formal operational stage
66
When brain is fully developed
Men - 25 Women - early 20s
67
Frontal lobe responsibilities
Planning, judgement, impulse control
68
Final myelination
Brain develops neurons in the prefrontal cortex
69
Kohlberg - preconventional stage
0-9 Do something to gain reward/avoid punishment
70
Kohlberg - conventional stage
9-13 Do something due to law or socially acceptable
71
Kohlberg - post conventional stage
13+ Do something because you feel it’s right
72
3 I’s of adolescence
Identity Intimacy Independence
73
James Marcia - foreclosure
Made a choice without thinking
74
James Marcia - identity diffusion
Don’t know and don’t care what I’m supposed to do with my life
75
James Marica - identity achievement
Thought about it and know what I should do with my life
76
James Marcia - moratorium
Thinking about what to do, not quite sure yet
77
Basic trust
Sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
78
Erickson - trust v mistrust
0-1 Baby leans about world
79
Erickson - autonomy v shame/doubt
1-3 I want to do it
80
Erickson - initiative v guilt
3-6 Trying different things
81
Erickson - industry v inferiority
6-puberty Realize what you like/are good at
82
Erickson - identity v role confusion
Teen - 20s Who am I
83
Erickson - intimacy v isolation
20s - early 40s Form close relationships with those around you
84
Erickson - Generativity v stagnation
40s - 60s Want to have purpose
85
Erickson - integrity v despair
60s + Want to live life with no regrets
86
Sexual orientation is _______ based and use tally known by _________
Brain Puberty
87
Early adulthood
20-40
88
Middle adulthood
40-70
89
Late adulthood
70+
90
Social clock
CULTURALLY preferred timing of social events ex. marriage, parenthood, retirement
91
5 feature of emerging adulthood
Identity exploration Instability Self-focus Age of possibilities Age of feeling in between life stages
92
Menopause
End of the menstrual cycle Occurs in women between 45-55
93
Alzheimer’s Disease
Starts by memory loss, gets compounded from there
94
Love
Most important for happiness later in life

AP Psych (14 decks)

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