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AP Psych > Unit 9 > Flashcards

Unit 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

Studies development for cradle to grave

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2
Q

Prenatal development plays a role in…

A

Who you are

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3
Q

Babies born at _____ weeks are considered viable

A

24 weeks

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4
Q

90% of babies are born within ____ weeks of their due date

A

2 weeks

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5
Q

Premature

A

Lungs not fully developed

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6
Q

Preterm

A

Born before 38 weeks

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7
Q

Prenatal period

A

40 weeks

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8
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg
First 2 weeks
Cells start to differentiate

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9
Q

Embryo

A

Developing human organism
2-8 weeks
Most major organs formed

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10
Q

Fetus

A

9 weeks - birth

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11
Q

Placenta

A

Cushion of cells in the mother that nurtures and gives oxygen to the fetus

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12
Q

Teratogens

A

Harmful substances that cross the placenta barrier and prevent the fetus from developing normally

ex. radiation, toxic chemicals, viruses, alcohol, drugs, nicotine

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13
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A

Physical/cognitive abnormalities that appears in children whose mothers consumed large amounts of alcohol while pregnant

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14
Q

Oxytocin

A

Chemical that causes cervix to dualste
Bonding chemical
Causes contractions

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15
Q

Habituation

A

Decreased responsiveness to repeated stimulus

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16
Q

Colors babies can see at birth

A

Red, white, black

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17
Q

How far babies can see at birth

A

8-12 inches

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18
Q

Important newborn reflexes

A

Rooting - touching baby’s cheek causes it to search for a nipple

Stepping - baby makes walking motion if held so feet touch ground

Moro - startle reaction

Palmer - grasp anything that touches hand

Babinski - toes spread when sole of foot is stroked

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19
Q

Maturation

A

Biological timing of walking, talking, and physical changes

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20
Q

Maturation is to ________, as nature is to nurture

A

Education

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21
Q

Last sense to develop in a newborn

A

Sight

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22
Q

Important periods of brain development

A

8-16 weeks (uterus) - brain develops
3-6 years

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23
Q

Pruning process

A

8-10 months
Brain rods itself of ineffective and weak brain connections

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24
Q

Infantile amnesia

A

Not remembering life before 3
Lack of proper neural connections

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25
Q

Motor development

A

Includes all physical skills and muscular coordination

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26
Q

Cognition

A

All mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, and remembering

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27
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychosexual stages of child development

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28
Q

Erik Erickson

A

Psycho-social stages of child development

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29
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

Moral stages of child development

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30
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Cognitive stages of child development

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31
Q

Schema

A

Mental mold

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32
Q

Assimilation

A

Add new ideas

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33
Q

Accommodation

A

Update schema

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34
Q

Piaget - sensorimotor stage

A

Birth-2 yrs
Babies learn about the world through sensory impressions and motor activities
Object permanence
Stranger anxiety

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35
Q

Piaget - preoperational stage

A

2-6 yrs
Child learns to use language, CANNOT think logically
Egocentric
Animism
Theory of the mind
Autism usually diagnosed at this stage

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36
Q

Theory of the mind

A

People’s ideas about their own and others’ mental state

Autism is an impaired theory of the mind

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37
Q

Piaget- concrete operational stage

A

6-11 yrs
Child gains mental skills that let them think logically about concrete events
Conservation

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38
Q

Piaget - formal operational stage

A

12+
Begin to think logically about abstract concepts
Form strategies about things they might not have experienced (what if?)

39
Q

Lev Vygotsky

A

Believed every child could be their own problem solver with a little help
Scaffolding

40
Q

Scaffolding

A

Give kids hints, not answers

41
Q

Good quality daycare is most important at

A

0-18 months

42
Q

The ______ attachments a kid forms the better

43
Q

Attachment

A

Emotionally tied

44
Q

Ainsworth - securely attached

A

Child will explore surroundings when primary caregiver is present

45
Q

Ainsworth - insecurely atrached

A

Child appears distressed and cry when caregiver leaves, will become clingy upon caregiver’s return

46
Q

Konrad Lorenz

A

Imprinting
Critical periods of attachment

47
Q

Ainsworth - resistant

A

Intense distress when parent leaves

48
Q

Ainsworth - avoidant

A

No sign of distress when mother leaves

49
Q

_________ helps most infants recover from attachment disruption

A

Responsive environment

50
Q

Temperament

A

A person’s characteristics

51
Q

Self concept

52
Q

Self esteem

A

Confidence, self worth

53
Q

Self awareness

A

Ability to perceive the things that make you who you are

54
Q

Self efficacy

A

Believing in yourself

55
Q

Reactive attachment disorder

A

When a child doesn’t form healthy emotional bonds with caretakers

Stems from abuse/neglect at an early age

56
Q

Baumrind - Authoritarian parenting

A

My way or the highway
Imposing rules, expecting obedience
Strict discipline, sometimes physical
High maturity expectations

57
Q

Baumrind - Permissive parenting

A

Anything goes
Indulgent - Wants to be your friend
Negligent- doesn’t care
Rarely disciplined
Low maturity expectations

58
Q

Baumrind - Authoritative parenting

A

Balanced, kids have a say, setting/enforcing rules
Moderate maturity expectations
High communication/negotiation
Moderate discipline

59
Q

Responsive parents

A

Always aware of what child is doing

60
Q

Unresponsive parents

A

Ignore child
Helps child only when they want to

61
Q

Abusive parents have a _________ impact on your life

62
Q

_______ influence becomes most important once middle school hits

63
Q

G Stanley Hall

A

Adolescence is a time of storm and stress

64
Q

Margaret Meade

A

Adolescence is an enjoyable time

65
Q

Adolescence

A

You become who you are
Worry about other’s options
Formal operational stage

66
Q

When brain is fully developed

A

Men - 25
Women - early 20s

67
Q

Frontal lobe responsibilities

A

Planning, judgement, impulse control

68
Q

Final myelination

A

Brain develops neurons in the prefrontal cortex

69
Q

Kohlberg - preconventional stage

A

0-9
Do something to gain reward/avoid punishment

70
Q

Kohlberg - conventional stage

A

9-13
Do something due to law or socially acceptable

71
Q

Kohlberg - post conventional stage

A

13+
Do something because you feel it’s right

72
Q

3 I’s of adolescence

A

Identity
Intimacy
Independence

73
Q

James Marcia - foreclosure

A

Made a choice without thinking

74
Q

James Marcia - identity diffusion

A

Don’t know and don’t care what I’m supposed to do with my life

75
Q

James Marica - identity achievement

A

Thought about it and know what I should do with my life

76
Q

James Marcia - moratorium

A

Thinking about what to do, not quite sure yet

77
Q

Basic trust

A

Sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy

78
Q

Erickson - trust v mistrust

A

0-1
Baby leans about world

79
Q

Erickson - autonomy v shame/doubt

A

1-3
I want to do it

80
Q

Erickson - initiative v guilt

A

3-6
Trying different things

81
Q

Erickson - industry v inferiority

A

6-puberty
Realize what you like/are good at

82
Q

Erickson - identity v role confusion

A

Teen - 20s
Who am I

83
Q

Erickson - intimacy v isolation

A

20s - early 40s
Form close relationships with those around you

84
Q

Erickson - Generativity v stagnation

A

40s - 60s
Want to have purpose

85
Q

Erickson - integrity v despair

A

60s +
Want to live life with no regrets

86
Q

Sexual orientation is _______ based and use tally known by _________

A

Brain
Puberty

87
Q

Early adulthood

88
Q

Middle adulthood

89
Q

Late adulthood

90
Q

Social clock

A

CULTURALLY preferred timing of social events
ex. marriage, parenthood, retirement

91
Q

5 feature of emerging adulthood

A

Identity exploration
Instability
Self-focus
Age of possibilities
Age of feeling in between life stages

92
Q

Menopause

A

End of the menstrual cycle
Occurs in women between 45-55

93
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Starts by memory loss, gets compounded from there

94
Q

Love

A

Most important for happiness later in life

AP Psych (14 decks)

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