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AP Psych > Unit 11 > Flashcards

Unit 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability to learn from experience, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

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2
Q

Grit

A

Passion/perseverance in the long-term pursuit of goals

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3
Q

Reification

A

When you reduce yourself to a number (bad)

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4
Q

Intelligence Test

A

Method of assessing someone’s mental aptitude

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5
Q

Spearman’s General Intelligence Test

A

Underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test

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6
Q

G factor (Spearman)

A

A single underlying factor that is responsible for a person’s overall intelligence

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7
Q

Factor analysis

A

Statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (factors) on a test

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8
Q

L.L. Thurstone

A

Identified 7 clusters of primary mental abilities

Didn’t want to rank people on a single scale of aptitude

word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory

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9
Q

Santos hi Kanazawa

A

Argued intelligence is the ability to solve novel problems and create new ideas
“Street smarts”

ex. Stopping a fire from spreading

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10
Q

Savant Syndrome

A

Someone who has awesome abilities in one area and lacks in another

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11
Q

Howard Gardner

A

Viewed intelligence as multiple abilities (8 intelligences)

Linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Musical
Spatial
Body kinesthetics
Interpersonal (knowing yourself)
Intrapersonal (knowing others)
Naturalistic (in tune with nature)

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12
Q

Robert Sternberg’s 3 Intelligences

A

Analytical (test scores, grades, problem solving)

Creative (ability to adapt and create new things)

Practical (street smarts)
- negative correlation to analytical
- positive correlation to successful life

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13
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

Ability to perceive, manage, understand, and use emotions

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14
Q

Neural Plasticity

A

Brain changes the more you use it

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15
Q

Perceptual Speed

A

correlation between intelligence test scores and speed is about +0.3 to +0.5

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16
Q

Neural processing speed

A

how fast neurons fire and pass messages

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17
Q

Francis Galton’s Intelligence Test

A

Encourage those of high ability to mate with one another

I’d your IQ was below 75 you could be sterilized

Said the size and shape of a person’s head could objectively measure his/her intelligence,

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18
Q

Alfred Binet

A

Wanted to support those who struggle in school

Tested kids’ mental ages

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19
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

When a person’s expectations of another individual leads the individual to act in an expected way

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20
Q

Mental age

A

Mental ability age

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21
Q

Chronological age

A

Real age

22
Q

IQ

A

(Mental age / chronological age) * 100

Average IQ is 100 on bell curve

23
Q

Stanford-Binet Test

A

Created by Lewis Terman
Adapted some of Binet’s original ideas

24
Q

Terman’s Termites

A

longitudinal study that tracked the lives of gifted children

25
Q

Tracking

A

Splitting kids up into different tracks in school

AP track
Honors track
Regular Track

26
Q

Achievement test

A

Tests what you know

27
Q

Aptitude test

A

Predicts a person’s full potential

28
Q

WAIS (adults) and WSC (kids)

A

David Wechsler
Most widely used intelligence scale

29
Q

Flynn Effect

A

Jane Flynn
Intelligence test scores have been improving

30
Q

Reliability

A

Is the test reliable?
Consistent scores?

31
Q

Test-retest reliability

A

Comparing someone’s test scores after taking it 2 times

32
Q

Split-half reliability

A

Looking at the degree of similarity betwoon scores on 2 halves of the test.
Is the 1st half consistent with the 2nd half?

33
Q

Validity

A

Does the test measure/predict what it’s supposed to?

34
Q

Predictive Validity

A

Does the test predict what it’s supposed to?

35
Q

Content validity

A

Does the test measure what it’s supposed to? (Content-wise)

36
Q

Standardization

A

When a test has already been pre-tested on a group

37
Q

Longitudinal evidence

A

Studying a group of people for a long period of time

38
Q

Cohort

A

A group of people from a given time period

ex. People in their 20s

39
Q

Cross-Sectional Evidence

A

Test and compare people of various ages

40
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Cattel and Horn
Accumulated knowledge
Increases with age

41
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Cattel and Horn
Ability to reason speedily and abstractly
Decreases with sge

42
Q

Intellectual disability

A

A condition of limited mental ability
Difficulty adapting to new situations

43
Q

Mental Disability IQs

A

55-70 = mental age of 12 (independent)
40-55 = mental age of 8
(semi-independent)
25-40 = mental age of 4
(24/7 care needed)

44
Q

Fragile X

A

Most abnormal genes are found on the X chromosome

45
Q

Heritability

A

Proportion of variability between people that can be attributed to genes

46
Q

Polygenetic

A

Phenotype put together with more than one gene

47
Q

Project Headstart 1965

A

U.S. government funded preschool program that serves more than 900,000 kids (most in families below poverty level)

48
Q

IQ score differences

A

Differences in IQ scores are socio-economical

49
Q

Stereotype threat

A

A sell-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

50
Q

Oak School Experiment

A

Rosenthal and Jacobson
Teachers were told that randomly selected students were gifted. By the end of the year teacher bias made the kids high achievers

AP Psych (14 decks)

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