Unit 11 Flashcards by Ava C

Intelligence

Ability to learn from experience, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

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Grit

Passion/perseverance in the long-term pursuit of goals

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Reification

When you reduce yourself to a number (bad)

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Intelligence Test

Method of assessing someone’s mental aptitude

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Spearman’s General Intelligence Test

Underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test

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G factor (Spearman)

A single underlying factor that is responsible for a person’s overall intelligence

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Factor analysis

Statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (factors) on a test

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L.L. Thurstone

Identified 7 clusters of primary mental abilities

Didn’t want to rank people on a single scale of aptitude

word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory

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Santos hi Kanazawa

Argued intelligence is the ability to solve novel problems and create new ideas
“Street smarts”

ex. Stopping a fire from spreading

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Savant Syndrome

Someone who has awesome abilities in one area and lacks in another

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Howard Gardner

Viewed intelligence as multiple abilities (8 intelligences)

Linguistic
Logical-mathematical
Musical
Spatial
Body kinesthetics
Interpersonal (knowing yourself)
Intrapersonal (knowing others)
Naturalistic (in tune with nature)

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Robert Sternberg’s 3 Intelligences

Analytical (test scores, grades, problem solving)

Creative (ability to adapt and create new things)

Practical (street smarts)
- negative correlation to analytical
- positive correlation to successful life

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Emotional Intelligence

Ability to perceive, manage, understand, and use emotions

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Neural Plasticity

Brain changes the more you use it

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Perceptual Speed

correlation between intelligence test scores and speed is about +0.3 to +0.5

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Neural processing speed

how fast neurons fire and pass messages

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Francis Galton’s Intelligence Test

Encourage those of high ability to mate with one another

I’d your IQ was below 75 you could be sterilized

Said the size and shape of a person’s head could objectively measure his/her intelligence,

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Alfred Binet

Wanted to support those who struggle in school

Tested kids’ mental ages

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Self-fulfilling prophecy

When a person’s expectations of another individual leads the individual to act in an expected way

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Mental age

Mental ability age

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Chronological age

Real age

(Mental age / chronological age) * 100

Average IQ is 100 on bell curve

Stanford-Binet Test

Created by Lewis Terman
Adapted some of Binet’s original ideas

Terman’s Termites

longitudinal study that tracked the lives of gifted children

Tracking

Splitting kids up into different tracks in school AP track Honors track Regular Track

Achievement test

Tests what you know

Aptitude test

Predicts a person’s full potential

WAIS (adults) and WSC (kids)

David Wechsler Most widely used intelligence scale

Flynn Effect

Jane Flynn Intelligence test scores have been improving

Reliability

Is the test reliable? Consistent scores?

Test-retest reliability

Comparing someone’s test scores after taking it 2 times

Split-half reliability

Looking at the degree of similarity betwoon scores on 2 halves of the test. Is the 1st half consistent with the 2nd half?

Validity

Does the test measure/predict what it’s supposed to?

Predictive Validity

Does the test predict what it’s supposed to?

Content validity

Does the test measure what it’s supposed to? (Content-wise)

Standardization

When a test has already been pre-tested on a group

Longitudinal evidence

Studying a group of people for a long period of time

Cohort

A group of people from a given time period ex. People in their 20s

Cross-Sectional Evidence

Test and compare people of various ages

Crystallized intelligence

Cattel and Horn Accumulated knowledge Increases with age

Fluid intelligence

Cattel and Horn Ability to reason speedily and abstractly Decreases with sge

Intellectual disability

A condition of limited mental ability Difficulty adapting to new situations

Mental Disability IQs

55-70 = mental age of 12 (independent) 40-55 = mental age of 8 (semi-independent) 25-40 = mental age of 4 (24/7 care needed)

Fragile X

Most abnormal genes are found on the X chromosome

Heritability

Proportion of variability between people that can be attributed to genes

Polygenetic

Phenotype put together with more than one gene

Project Headstart 1965

U.S. government funded preschool program that serves more than 900,000 kids (most in families below poverty level)

IQ score differences

Differences in IQ scores are socio-economical

Stereotype threat

A sell-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.

Oak School Experiment

Rosenthal and Jacobson Teachers were told that randomly selected students were gifted. By the end of the year teacher bias made the kids high achievers