Unit 14 Flashcards
Social psychology
The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another
Chameleon effect
You see someone do something then you want to do it
Mood linkage
Sharing, up-and-down moods with peers
Conformity
Adjusting/adapting/changing one’s behavior of thinking to coincide with a group standard
Solomon Asch
Researched the circumstances under which people will conform
Which line is longer experiment
Normative Social Influence
Person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Informational Social Influence
One’s willingness to accept other’s opinions about reality
Stanley Milgram
Researched obedience to authority
Lethal shock experiment
Obedience
The tendency to comply with orders (implied or real) from someone perceived as an authority
Social loafing
Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooping their efforts together than when individually accountable
Social facilitation
Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others
Deindividuation
Loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
People lose sense of responsibility when in a group
Group polarization
Enhancement of a group’s already existing attitudes through discussion within the group.
Group thinking
We go along with a decision that we don’t agree with bc it maybe harmful/negative, to get along with or please the group.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
When we believe something to be true about others/ourselves and we act in ways that cause this belief to come true.
Fundamental Attribution Theory
People tend to blame:credit the person more than the situation
Attribution Theory
The theory that we tend to explain the behavior of others as an aspect of either an inner trait or the situation.
Situational Attribution
Attributing someone’s actions to the various factors in the situation
Dispositional Attribution
Attributing someone’s actions to the person’s disposition
Ex. thoughts, feelings, personality characteristics, etc.
Self-serving bias
Readiness to perceive oneself favorably
Attitude
The belief and feeling that predisposes someone to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.
One’s viewpoint on an issue
Central Route Persuasion
Occurs when influenced people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
Peripheral Route Persuasion
Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues such as a speaker’s attractiveness
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.
Foot-in-the-door phenomenon
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
Role
A set of expectations in a social setting that define how one ought to behave.
Bystander effect
The tendency for a person to be less likely to give aid if other people are present
John Darley and Bibb Latané
Researched the circumstances that determine when a bystander will intervene on behalf of a situation
Proximity
Closeness in physical space, time, or relationship
Mere Exposure effect
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.
Passionate Love
Aroused state of intense positive absorption in another
- usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
Companionate Love
A deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
- Equity
- Self-disclosure
Equity
When people contribute to and receive from a relationship at a similar rate
Self-disclosure
Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
Altruism
Helping others without regard for your own safety
Just-World Phenomenon
The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Culture/Norm
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior
Prejudice
An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members.
Stereotype
A generalized belief about a group of people
Discrimination
Taking action against a group of people bc of a stereotype and feelings of prejudice
In group “Us”
People with whom we share a common identity
Outgroup “Them”
Those perceived as different or apart from “us”
Ingroup Bias
Tendency to favor one’s own group
Scapegoat Theory
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.
Categorization
Tendency to group similar objects
Other-Race Effect
It is easier to remember faces of our own race
Aggression
Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
Frustration-Aggression Principle
Frustration creates anger which can generate aggression
Social scripts
Outline of how weird supposed to behave
(Culturally molded)
Social exchange theory
You behave well in society because you want society to be a good place
Reciprocity norm
An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
Social-responsibility norm
An expectation that people will help those needing their help
Social Trap
S situation in which you have 2 conflicting interests
Mirror-Image Perceptions
When 2 conflicting sides see themselves as ethical and the other as evil
Superordinate Goals
Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
