Unit 8A Flashcards

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0
Q

What percent of the water on earth salty

A

97%

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1
Q

What percent of the water on earth is fresh liquid water

A

1%

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2
Q

What percent of the water on earth is frozen as ice or snow

A

2%

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3
Q

Define surface water

A

Surface water is above Earth’s surface in streams rivers lakes. it comes from precipitation or hot springs. it flows from higher to lower ground

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4
Q

Define runoff (AKA storm water)

A

Water that flows across earths surface and can enter bodies of water

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5
Q

Define groundwater

A

Some runoff and surface water seep into ground; drains through soil;filters down into underground rock ➡️ collects in spaces between rock particles.

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6
Q

Most drinking water in United States comes from….

A

Groundwater

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7
Q

How do you get groundwater

A

People drill down to the water table to reach reservoirs of groundwater

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8
Q

Define water table

A

Upper surface of groundwater

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9
Q

Define streams

A

Streams are formed by flowing water that does not seep below surface. This water forms channels as it erodes rock and soil

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10
Q

Define channel

A

Path that the stream follows which gets wider and deeper overtime eroding rocks and soil

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11
Q

Define tributary

A

Small stream that feeds into a river and eventually into a network of streams

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12
Q

Define river system

A

Rivers that form from runoff

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13
Q

Define floodplain

A

Flat low-lying area along the river that gets covered with water when the river overflows. building in floodplains can be dangerous because of the risk of frequent flooding

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14
Q

Mouth/Delta

A

The end of the river where it meets a lake or ocean

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15
Q

Define meander

A

A river that twist one way and goes the other way

16
Q

Define watershed

A

Area of land that is drained by river system in other word water from streams rivers floodplains lakes ponds wetlands and groundwater all contribute to the basin of water in a certain area

17
Q

Define divide

A

Original area of higher ground that separates one watershed from another

18
Q

What is the largest watershed in the world

A

Mississippi River watershed because it has hundreds of tributaries that extend from Rocky Mountains to Appalachian Mountains and down the length of United States from north to south

19
Q

Gradient

A

Measure of the change in elevation over a certain distance

20
Q

Rivers flow

A

Amount of water that moves through the river channel in a certain amount of time

21
Q

Stream load

A

Materials carried by stream

22
Q

Aquifer

A

Body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater

23
Q

Porosity

A

% of rock that has pores or open space

24
Q

Permeability

A

Measure if how easily water can flow through an aquifer

25
Q

Urbanization

A

Causing a greater need for fresh water

26
Q

Point source pollution

A

Comes from one pacific site

27
Q

Nonpoint pollution

A

No single point from which pollution comes

28
Q

Thermal pollution

A

Heating of water due to human activity

29
Q

Chemical pollution

A

Harmful chemicals are added to water supplies coming mainly from industry & agriculture/farming

30
Q

Biological pollution

A

When live or dead animals are added to water supplies causing bacteria in water

31
Q

Eutrophication

A

Increase in amount of nutrients in water due to decomposing organisms