Spring Semester Review

Question 1

Soil of tundra biome

Answer 1

Permafrost- which give it a short growing season

Question 2

Tundra animal characteristics

Answer 2

Thick fur, excess fat layer, light in winter, dark in summer

Question 3

Tundra plants

Answer 3

No trees, small shrubs, lichens, mosses

Question 4

4 major characteristics of plants in desert

Answer 4

1. Thick waxy layer
2. Grow far apart
3. Roots that grow deep to collect h2o
4. Nutrient poor topsoil

Question 5

Why would some birds have a difficult time living in a temperate grassland or prairie

Answer 5

There are not many trees because most of the trees are killed by fires

Question 6

What affects what a hurricane and flooding have an environment

Answer 6

Hurricane: what causes saltwater to invade freshwater areas. Erosion
Flooding: could remove plants and animals

Question 7

What is ecological succession and what type of role does it play in forming ecosystems

Answer 7

Ecological succession is the orderly changes in ecosystem goes through as it grows and develops.
Role: succession

Question 8

Primary succession and three facts

Answer 8

Primary succession occurs on bear rock, takes hundreds to thousands of years, and the pioneer species is lichens

Question 9

Secondary succession and three facts

Answer 9

Occurs on soil, takes 15 to hundreds of years, and the pioneer species is weeds

Question 10

What is biodiversity

Answer 10

The diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat

Question 11

Why is it important to have high levels of biodiversity

Answer 11

Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all lifeforms

Question 12

What is a watershed and what is a divide in the watershed

Answer 12

A watershed is an area of land that water flows across as it moves towards a larger body. The divide in the watershed are the high points that determine which direction water will flow

Question 13

How can human activity affect the watershed

Answer 13

Pollution

Question 14

How can humans impact surface water

Answer 14

Farming, pesticides, litter, etc.

Question 15

Point source pollution and examples

Answer 15

Sources of water pollution which can be traced to a Pacific Place our location. Examples: pipes for the factory

Question 16

Nonpoint source pollution and examples

Answer 16

Pollution of the water or air from the general area such as run off from farmland or suburban communities. Examples: run off

Question 17

How could building a new town greatly impact a watershed

Answer 17

Soil will disappear, pollution

Question 18

What is physical weathering

Answer 18

Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means

Question 19

What are six agents of mechanical weathering

Answer 19

Ice wedging, wind, water, abrasion, plants, and animal activity

Question 20

What is chemical weathering

Answer 20

The chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals into new substances

Question 21

What are the three agents of chemical weathering

Answer 21

Water, acid, air

Question 22

How are sanding formed

Answer 22

Through erosion and deposition

Question 23

How do farmers prevent soil erosion on their farmland

Answer 23

Farmers plant crops across the rows to reduce soil erosion

Question 24

How could the removal of trees affect an ecosystem

Answer 24

More erosion will occur

Question 25

How is the body organized from simplest most complex

Answer 25

Cells-tissues-organs-organ system-organism

Question 26

Names of the four major tissues located within the human body

Answer 26

Epithelial, nervous, muscle, connective

Question 27

Functions of the epidermis and dermis

Answer 27

The epidermis protects underlying tissues from drying out. The dermis contains nerve endings, sweat glands, oil glands

Question 28

What to body systems work together to experience touch

Answer 28

Nervous and integumentary

Question 29

What is the largest organ in the human body

Answer 29

Skin

Question 30

What are the four functions of the skeletal system

Answer 30

Protect, store, move, and form blood cells

Question 31

Where is the sliding or gliding joint located

Answer 31

Wrist and ankle

Question 32

Where is the ball and socket joint

Answer 32

Shoulder and hip

Question 33

Where is the hinge joint located

Answer 33

Knee and elbow

Question 34

Where is the pivotal joint located

Answer 34

Vertebrae

Question 35

What are the functions of the muscular system

Answer 35

Movement, connective tissue attaches to bone and muscle

Question 36

Temperature of tundra biome

Answer 36

Cold desert

Question 37

Where is smooth muscle found

Answer 37

Digestive tract and walls of blood vessels

Question 38

Where is the cardiac muscle found

Answer 38

Heart

Question 39

Where is the skeletal muscle found

Answer 39

Muscles that attached to your bones

Question 40

What types of muscle tissue would be considered voluntary and involuntary

Answer 40

Voluntary: skeletal Involuntary: smooth, cardiac, skeletal

Question 41

How do muscles work to move the body

Answer 41

Flexors Bend, extensor straighten

Question 42

What is the axial skeleton made of and what is its purpose

Answer 42

Consists of the school, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and pelvis. Purpose: protects major body organs

Question 43

What would be the main body systems involved in movement

Answer 43

Skeletal and muscular

Question 44

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 44

To transport blood to and from your body cells

Question 45

What are the 4 components of blood

Answer 45

RBC's: carry O2 to body cells WBC's: fight pathogens Plasma: fluid part of blood Platelets: clot blood

Question 46

Why do the cardiovascular systems in the respiratory systems depend on each other

Answer 46

The C system depends on the R system to supply the blood with O2 and remove CO2.

Question 47

What is the main function of the respiratory system

Answer 47

Exchange gases between living cells and their environment

Question 48

How is air inhaled and exhaled

Answer 48

The diaphragm contracts and moves down to inhale and relaxes and moves up to exhale

Question 49

What do gills do for fish and how does that relate to human body

Answer 49

Gills remove oxygen from the water for fish to breathe. It is comparative to the human Lungs

Question 50

What two body systems are involved in bringing oxygen and transporting it around the body

Answer 50

Respiratory and cardiovascular

Question 51

Defined digestive system

Answer 51

A group of organs that work together to break down food into nutrients that can be used in the body

Question 52

What is the major function of carbohydrates and what is it broken down into

Answer 52

Function: short term energy storage | Broken down into sugars

Question 53

What is the major functions of lipids and what is it broken down into

Answer 53

Function: long term energy storage | Broken down into fats,oils,and waxes

Question 54

What is the major function of proteins and what is it broken down into

Answer 54

Function:hold protect and provide structure to the body | Broken down into amino acids

Question 55

Function of nucleic acid and what is it broken down into

Answer 55

Function: store and use heredity info | Broken down into nucleotides

Question 56

Define mechanical and chemical digestion

Answer 56

Mechanical: breaking crushing and mashing of food Chemical: large molecules are broken down into nutrients

Question 57

What is peristalsis

Answer 57

Rhythmic muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 58

What is chyme

Answer 58

The soupy mixture of food enzymes in the stomach

Question 59

What are the three functions of the pancreas

Answer 59

Makes pancreatic juices and enzymes, releases bicarbonate, makes insulin

Question 60

Functions of the urinary system

Answer 60

Remove waste products from the body and to maintaining the volume and composition the most body fluids

Question 61

How does the integumentary, respiratory, and urinary system excrete waste material

Answer 61

Integumentary: sweat through skin Respiratory: release CO2 through lungs Urinary: urine filtered from blood to kidneys

Question 62

What structures are part of the CNS and PNS

Answer 62

CNS: brain and spinal cord PNS: all other nerves

Question 63

Functions of the cerebrum

Answer 63

Controls voluntary movement and allows you to detect touch, light, sound, odors, taste, pain, heat, and cold

Question 64

Function of a neuron

Answer 64

To allow communication between the cells of the body

Question 65

What three body systems would be involved in pulling your hand away from the hot stove

Answer 65

Integumentary , nervous, and muscular

Question 66

Define endocrine system

Answer 66

A system involved with the control of slower, long-term processes, such as fluid balance, growth, sexual development, mood and disorders

Question 67

The flight or fight response is controlled by which body system

Answer 67

Endocrine

Question 68

Function of adrenal gland

Answer 68

Makes adrenaline

Question 69

Function of thyroid

Answer 69

Controls metabolism

Question 70

Function of parathyroid gland

Answer 70

Controls calcium level in blood

Question 71

Function of pancreas gland

Answer 71

Produce insulin

Question 72

How many chromosomes are located in the human gamete cell

Answer 72

23

Question 73

How many chromosomes are in the human body cells

Answer 73

46

Question 74

Why do animals reproduce

Answer 74

To pass on their genetic information

Question 75

What is the pathway of the eggs through the females body

Answer 75

Ovaries-Fallopian tube-uterus-vagina

Question 76

Where is the primary source of energy for Earth processes come from

Answer 76

The sun

Question 77

What factors allow life to exist on earth

Answer 77

Liquid water, and atmosphere, and an energy source

Question 78

Why is liquid water important for life to exist on the planet

Answer 78

Helps moderate the world climate

Question 79

What is the weightlessness

Answer 79

The apparent loss of weight on object that is falling freely in a gravitational field

Question 80

Why do astronauts need space suits in space

Answer 80

Provides oxygen, controls air pressure, communication, temperature control, protects from Suns radiation

Question 81

What are some of the facts of no gravity in space on the human body

Answer 81

Decrease in bone density, increase in the length of spine, bone and muscles weeken, heart weekens

Question 82

What makes a compound organic

Answer 82

Carbon

Question 83

What are the nine characteristics of life

Answer 83

Adaptation, carbon-based biochemistry, response to stimulus, energy and metabolism, organization, composed of cells, growth and development, reproduction, and homeostasis

Question 84

What farming practice helps prevent soil erosion

Answer 84

Contour plowing