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Science > Spring Semester Review > Flashcards

Spring Semester Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Soil of tundra biome

A

Permafrost- which give it a short growing season

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2
Q

Tundra animal characteristics

A

Thick fur, excess fat layer, light in winter, dark in summer

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3
Q

Tundra plants

A

No trees, small shrubs, lichens, mosses

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4
Q

4 major characteristics of plants in desert

A
  1. Thick waxy layer
  2. Grow far apart
  3. Roots that grow deep to collect h2o
  4. Nutrient poor topsoil
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5
Q

Why would some birds have a difficult time living in a temperate grassland or prairie

A

There are not many trees because most of the trees are killed by fires

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6
Q

What affects what a hurricane and flooding have an environment

A

Hurricane: what causes saltwater to invade freshwater areas. Erosion
Flooding: could remove plants and animals

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7
Q

What is ecological succession and what type of role does it play in forming ecosystems

A

Ecological succession is the orderly changes in ecosystem goes through as it grows and develops.
Role: succession

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8
Q

Primary succession and three facts

A

Primary succession occurs on bear rock, takes hundreds to thousands of years, and the pioneer species is lichens

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9
Q

Secondary succession and three facts

A

Occurs on soil, takes 15 to hundreds of years, and the pioneer species is weeds

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10
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat

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11
Q

Why is it important to have high levels of biodiversity

A

Greater species diversity ensures natural sustainability for all lifeforms

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12
Q

What is a watershed and what is a divide in the watershed

A

A watershed is an area of land that water flows across as it moves towards a larger body. The divide in the watershed are the high points that determine which direction water will flow

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13
Q

How can human activity affect the watershed

A

Pollution

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14
Q

How can humans impact surface water

A

Farming, pesticides, litter, etc.

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15
Q

Point source pollution and examples

A

Sources of water pollution which can be traced to a Pacific Place our location. Examples: pipes for the factory

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16
Q

Nonpoint source pollution and examples

A

Pollution of the water or air from the general area such as run off from farmland or suburban communities. Examples: run off

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17
Q

How could building a new town greatly impact a watershed

A

Soil will disappear, pollution

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18
Q

What is physical weathering

A

Breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by physical means

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19
Q

What are six agents of mechanical weathering

A

Ice wedging, wind, water, abrasion, plants, and animal activity

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20
Q

What is chemical weathering

A

The chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals into new substances

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21
Q

What are the three agents of chemical weathering

A

Water, acid, air

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22
Q

How are sanding formed

A

Through erosion and deposition

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23
Q

How do farmers prevent soil erosion on their farmland

A

Farmers plant crops across the rows to reduce soil erosion

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24
Q

How could the removal of trees affect an ecosystem

A

More erosion will occur

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25
Q

How is the body organized from simplest most complex

A

Cells-tissues-organs-organ system-organism

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26
Q

Names of the four major tissues located within the human body

A

Epithelial, nervous, muscle, connective

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27
Q

Functions of the epidermis and dermis

A

The epidermis protects underlying tissues from drying out. The dermis contains nerve endings, sweat glands, oil glands

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28
Q

What to body systems work together to experience touch

A

Nervous and integumentary

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29
Q

What is the largest organ in the human body

A

Skin

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30
Q

What are the four functions of the skeletal system

A

Protect, store, move, and form blood cells

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31
Q

Where is the sliding or gliding joint located

A

Wrist and ankle

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32
Q

Where is the ball and socket joint

A

Shoulder and hip

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33
Q

Where is the hinge joint located

A

Knee and elbow

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34
Q

Where is the pivotal joint located

A

Vertebrae

35
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system

A

Movement, connective tissue attaches to bone and muscle

36
Q

Temperature of tundra biome

A

Cold desert

37
Q

Where is smooth muscle found

A

Digestive tract and walls of blood vessels

38
Q

Where is the cardiac muscle found

A

Heart

39
Q

Where is the skeletal muscle found

A

Muscles that attached to your bones

40
Q

What types of muscle tissue would be considered voluntary and involuntary

A

Voluntary: skeletal
Involuntary: smooth, cardiac, skeletal

41
Q

How do muscles work to move the body

A

Flexors Bend, extensor straighten

42
Q

What is the axial skeleton made of and what is its purpose

A

Consists of the school, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, and pelvis.
Purpose: protects major body organs

43
Q

What would be the main body systems involved in movement

A

Skeletal and muscular

44
Q

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system

A

To transport blood to and from your body cells

45
Q

What are the 4 components of blood

A

RBC’s: carry O2 to body cells
WBC’s: fight pathogens
Plasma: fluid part of blood
Platelets: clot blood

46
Q

Why do the cardiovascular systems in the respiratory systems depend on each other

A

The C system depends on the R system to supply the blood with O2 and remove CO2.

47
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system

A

Exchange gases between living cells and their environment

48
Q

How is air inhaled and exhaled

A

The diaphragm contracts and moves down to inhale and relaxes and moves up to exhale

49
Q

What do gills do for fish and how does that relate to human body

A

Gills remove oxygen from the water for fish to breathe. It is comparative to the human Lungs

50
Q

What two body systems are involved in bringing oxygen and transporting it around the body

A

Respiratory and cardiovascular

51
Q

Defined digestive system

A

A group of organs that work together to break down food into nutrients that can be used in the body

52
Q

What is the major function of carbohydrates and what is it broken down into

A

Function: short term energy storage

Broken down into sugars

53
Q

What is the major functions of lipids and what is it broken down into

A

Function: long term energy storage

Broken down into fats,oils,and waxes

54
Q

What is the major function of proteins and what is it broken down into

A

Function:hold protect and provide structure to the body

Broken down into amino acids

55
Q

Function of nucleic acid and what is it broken down into

A

Function: store and use heredity info

Broken down into nucleotides

56
Q

Define mechanical and chemical digestion

A

Mechanical: breaking crushing and mashing of food
Chemical: large molecules are broken down into nutrients

57
Q

What is peristalsis

A

Rhythmic muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

58
Q

What is chyme

A

The soupy mixture of food enzymes in the stomach

59
Q

What are the three functions of the pancreas

A

Makes pancreatic juices and enzymes, releases bicarbonate, makes insulin

60
Q

Functions of the urinary system

A

Remove waste products from the body and to maintaining the volume and composition the most body fluids

61
Q

How does the integumentary, respiratory, and urinary system excrete waste material

A

Integumentary: sweat through skin
Respiratory: release CO2 through lungs
Urinary: urine filtered from blood to kidneys

62
Q

What structures are part of the CNS and PNS

A

CNS: brain and spinal cord
PNS: all other nerves

63
Q

Functions of the cerebrum

A

Controls voluntary movement and allows you to detect touch, light, sound, odors, taste, pain, heat, and cold

64
Q

Function of a neuron

A

To allow communication between the cells of the body

65
Q

What three body systems would be involved in pulling your hand away from the hot stove

A

Integumentary , nervous, and muscular

66
Q

Define endocrine system

A

A system involved with the control of slower, long-term processes, such as fluid balance, growth, sexual development, mood and disorders

67
Q

The flight or fight response is controlled by which body system

A

Endocrine

68
Q

Function of adrenal gland

A

Makes adrenaline

69
Q

Function of thyroid

A

Controls metabolism

70
Q

Function of parathyroid gland

A

Controls calcium level in blood

71
Q

Function of pancreas gland

A

Produce insulin

72
Q

How many chromosomes are located in the human gamete cell

A

23

73
Q

How many chromosomes are in the human body cells

A

46

74
Q

Why do animals reproduce

A

To pass on their genetic information

75
Q

What is the pathway of the eggs through the females body

A

Ovaries-Fallopian tube-uterus-vagina

76
Q

Where is the primary source of energy for Earth processes come from

A

The sun

77
Q

What factors allow life to exist on earth

A

Liquid water, and atmosphere, and an energy source

78
Q

Why is liquid water important for life to exist on the planet

A

Helps moderate the world climate

79
Q

What is the weightlessness

A

The apparent loss of weight on object that is falling freely in a gravitational field

80
Q

Why do astronauts need space suits in space

A

Provides oxygen, controls air pressure, communication, temperature control, protects from Suns radiation

81
Q

What are some of the facts of no gravity in space on the human body

A

Decrease in bone density, increase in the length of spine, bone and muscles weeken, heart weekens

82
Q

What makes a compound organic

A

Carbon

83
Q

What are the nine characteristics of life

A

Adaptation, carbon-based biochemistry, response to stimulus, energy and metabolism, organization, composed of cells, growth and development, reproduction, and homeostasis

84
Q

What farming practice helps prevent soil erosion

A

Contour plowing

Science (13 decks)

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