Unit 8A

Question 0

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Answer 0

instinct

Question 1

a need or desire that energizes and direct behavior

Answer 1

motivation

Question 2

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Answer 2

drive-reduction theory

Question 3

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry such as blood glucose around a particular level

Answer 3

homeostasis

Question 4

a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Answer 4

incentive

Question 5

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with psychological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Answer 5

heirarchy of needs

Question 6

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. when level low, we feel hunger

Answer 6

glucose

Question 7

the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

Answer 7

set point

Question 8

the bodys resting rate of energy expenditure

Answer 8

basal metabolic rate

Question 9

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underwight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve

Answer 9

anorexia nervosa

Question 10

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxaive use, fasting or excessive exercise

Answer 10

bulimia nervosa

Question 11

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting or excessive exercise like bulimia nervosa

Answer 11

binge-eating disorder

Question 12

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm and resolution

Answer 12

sexual response cycle

Question 13

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Answer 13

refractory period

Question 14

sex hormones such as estradiol secreted in greater amounts by females than males and contributing to female sex characteristics.
in nonhuman female mammals, ____levels peak during ovulation promoting sexual receptivity

Answer 14

estrogens

Question 15

the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but hte additional ______ in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

Answer 15

testosterone

Question 16

an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex or the other sex

Answer 16

sexual orientation