Unit 7A vocab

Question 0

the processing of info into the memory system

for ex: by extracting meaning

Answer 0

encoding

Question 1

the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of info

Answer 1

memory

Question 2

the retention of encoded info over time

Answer 2

storage

Question 3

the process of getting info out of memory storage

Answer 3

retrieval

Question 4

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Answer 4

sensory memory

Question 5

activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the info is stored or forgotten

Answer 5

short-term memory

Question 6

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system
includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

Answer 6

long-term memory

Question 7

a newer understanding of shot-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial info, and of info retrieved from long-term memory

Answer 7

working memory

Question 8

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously
the brain’s natural mode of info processing for many functions
contrast with step-by-step serial processing of computers

Answer 8

parallel processing

Question 9

unconscious encoding of incidental info, such as space, time and frequency, and of well-learned info such as word meanings

Answer 9

automatic processing

Question 10

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Answer 10

effortful processing

Question 11

the conscious repetition of info either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode for storage

Answer 11

rehearsal

Question 12

the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

Answer 12

spacing effect

Question 13

our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

Answer 13

serial position effect

Question 14

the encoding of picture images

Answer 14

visual encoding

Question 15

the encoding of sound, esp. words

Answer 15

acoustic encoding

Question 16

the encoding of meaning, including words

Answer 16

semantic encoding

Question 17

mental pictures;

a powerful aid to effortful processing; esp. when combined with semantic encoding

Answer 17

imagery

Question 18

memory aids esp. those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Answer 18

mnemonics

Question 19

organizing items into familiar, manageable units

often occurs automatically

Answer 19

chunking

Question 20

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

Answer 20

iconic memory

Question 21

a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3-4 seconds

Answer 21

echoic memory

Question 22

an increase in a synapse’s firing potential after a brief, rapid stimulation. believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

Answer 22

long-term potentiation (LTP)

Question 23

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Answer 23

flashbulb memory

Question 24

the loss of memory

Answer 24

amnesia

Question 25

retention independent of conscious recollection

Answer 25

implicit memory

aka nondeclarative or procedural memory

Question 26

memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare

Answer 26

explicit

aka declarative memory

Question 27

a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage

Answer 27

hippocampus

Question 28

a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve info learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

Answer 28

recall

Question 29

a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test

Answer 29

recognition

Question 30

a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time

Answer 30

relearning

Question 31

the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Answer 31

priming

Question 32

that eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before”

cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

Answer 32

deja vu

Question 33

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood

Answer 33

mood-congruent memory

Question 34

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info

Answer 34

proactive interferance

Question 35

the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old info

Answer 35

retroactive interferance

Question 36

in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thought, feelings, and memories

Answer 36

repression

Question 37

incorporating misleading info into one’s memory of an event

Answer 37

misinformation effect

Question 38

attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined.
_______________ along with misinfo effect is at the heart of many false memories

Answer 38

source amnesia

aka source misattribution