Unit 8.7 - Global Resistance to Established Power Structures Flashcards
Examples (3) of Ghandi’s non-violent methods of rebellion
He used nonviolent marches, boycotts, and fasts to rebel against the British
Example (3) of MLKJ’s non-violent methods of rebellion
Used court decisions that banned racial segregation, a boycott of public buses, and marches to revolt against racism in the U.S.
Example (2) of Nelson Mandela’s non-violent methods of rebellion
His nonviolent methods of rebelling against apartheid in South Africa were done through his job as a socialist lawyer and by getting jailed multiple times, bringing attention from the world to the racial segregation they faced
Ways (1) Wladyslaw Gomulka (Polish secretary) and Imre Nagy (Hungarian leader) were similar
Both wanted/declared freedom from Soviet control
Ways (1) Wladyslaw Gomulka and Imre Nagy were different
Wldadyslaw allowed for Soviet troops to remain in Poland and the country remained independent but when Hungary declared its neutrality and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact, the Soviets invaded and Imre was executed.
Brezhnev Doctrine
States that the Soviet Union and its allies will intervene if the actions of one member threatens other socialist countries
Pargue Spring (1968)
A period of protest against communist rule and liberalization in Czechoslovakia
How Alexander Dubcek helped the Pargue Spring movement
Leader of the Communist Party in Czech., responded to the people’s revolts by allowing for a more democratic political system through increased freedom of speech, the press, and to travel
1968
The “Year of Revolt”
Other revolts that happened during 1968
Students against the authoritarian government in Yugoslavia, revolt over religious issues in Poland/North Ireland, improvements in the treatment of workers and education in Brazil, and university financial policies and government support for the US in Vietnam in Japan
Kent State University
Where four students were killed protesting the US’ involvement in the Vietnam War which led to college students and faculties going on strike
Terrorism
Violence against citizens and a way to achieve political goals
Where, what was the Irish Republic Army were fighting for, and how
In Northern Ireland, Catholics suffering from discrimination wanted their region to be included in the Irish Republic but were refused by the protestants, leading to terrorist acts such as bombings in cities like London
Ulster Defense Association
The Irish Protestants fighting against the Irish Republican Army
Where, what was the Basque Homeland and Freedom Organization (ETA) were fighting for, and how
Wanting independence for Basque from Spain, the ETA killed over 800 citizens in addition to Francisco Franco’s successor in order to try and gain independence
The Shining Path
By Abimael Guzmán, it was styled after Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution and Cambodia’s Khmer Rouge, it caused many bombings and assassinations in Peru in an attempt to overthrow their government
Where, what was the Al-Qaeda were fighting for, and how
An Islamic group in Saudi Arabia, they attacked countries such as the U.S. on 9/11 for the involvement in their war
How did militaries and militarized states respond to violence?
In ways that escalated the conflict further
How Francisco Franko (Spain) escalated conflict
He overthrew a popular mostly communist government and executed, imprisoned, and sent to labor camps many dissenters, making him unpopular and opposed, this also made Spain’s government more unstable
How Idi Amin (Butcher of Uganda) escalated conflict
Backed by communist powers, he worsened ethnic tensions, denied people their basic human rights, and hindered economic stability. Believed to be responsible for over 500,000 deaths, he also expelled 60,000 Asians.
Military Industry Complex
A threat to a country’s democracy, it involves its defense departments and private businesses that supply them with arms that become numerous and more focused on than a country’s citizens because militarism and territories become more important than domestic lives.
