Unit 8.7 - Global Resistance to Established Power Structures

Question 1

Examples (3) of Ghandi’s non-violent methods of rebellion

Answer 1

He used nonviolent marches, boycotts, and fasts to rebel against the British

Question 2

Example (3) of MLKJ’s non-violent methods of rebellion

Answer 2

Used court decisions that banned racial segregation, a boycott of public buses, and marches to revolt against racism in the U.S.

Question 3

Example (2) of Nelson Mandela’s non-violent methods of rebellion

Answer 3

His nonviolent methods of rebelling against apartheid in South Africa were done through his job as a socialist lawyer and by getting jailed multiple times, bringing attention from the world to the racial segregation they faced

Question 4

Ways (1) Wladyslaw Gomulka (Polish secretary) and Imre Nagy (Hungarian leader) were similar

Answer 4

Both wanted/declared freedom from Soviet control

Question 5

Ways (1) Wladyslaw Gomulka and Imre Nagy were different

Answer 5

Wldadyslaw allowed for Soviet troops to remain in Poland and the country remained independent but when Hungary declared its neutrality and withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact, the Soviets invaded and Imre was executed.

Question 6

Brezhnev Doctrine

Answer 6

States that the Soviet Union and its allies will intervene if the actions of one member threatens other socialist countries

Question 7

Pargue Spring (1968)

Answer 7

A period of protest against communist rule and liberalization in Czechoslovakia

Question 8

How Alexander Dubcek helped the Pargue Spring movement

Answer 8

Leader of the Communist Party in Czech., responded to the people’s revolts by allowing for a more democratic political system through increased freedom of speech, the press, and to travel

Question 9

1968

Answer 9

The “Year of Revolt”

Question 10

Other revolts that happened during 1968

Answer 10

Students against the authoritarian government in Yugoslavia, revolt over religious issues in Poland/North Ireland, improvements in the treatment of workers and education in Brazil, and university financial policies and government support for the US in Vietnam in Japan

Question 11

Kent State University

Answer 11

Where four students were killed protesting the US’ involvement in the Vietnam War which led to college students and faculties going on strike

Question 12

Terrorism

Answer 12

Violence against citizens and a way to achieve political goals

Question 13

Where, what was the Irish Republic Army were fighting for, and how

Answer 13

In Northern Ireland, Catholics suffering from discrimination wanted their region to be included in the Irish Republic but were refused by the protestants, leading to terrorist acts such as bombings in cities like London

Question 14

Ulster Defense Association

Answer 14

The Irish Protestants fighting against the Irish Republican Army

Question 15

Where, what was the Basque Homeland and Freedom Organization (ETA) were fighting for, and how

Answer 15

Wanting independence for Basque from Spain, the ETA killed over 800 citizens in addition to Francisco Franco’s successor in order to try and gain independence

Question 16

The Shining Path

Answer 16

By Abimael Guzmán, it was styled after Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution and Cambodia’s Khmer Rouge, it caused many bombings and assassinations in Peru in an attempt to overthrow their government

Question 17

Where, what was the Al-Qaeda were fighting for, and how

Answer 17

An Islamic group in Saudi Arabia, they attacked countries such as the U.S. on 9/11 for the involvement in their war

Question 18

How did militaries and militarized states respond to violence?

Answer 18

In ways that escalated the conflict further

Question 19

How Francisco Franko (Spain) escalated conflict

Answer 19

He overthrew a popular mostly communist government and executed, imprisoned, and sent to labor camps many dissenters, making him unpopular and opposed, this also made Spain’s government more unstable

Question 20

How Idi Amin (Butcher of Uganda) escalated conflict

Answer 20

Backed by communist powers, he worsened ethnic tensions, denied people their basic human rights, and hindered economic stability. Believed to be responsible for over 500,000 deaths, he also expelled 60,000 Asians.

Question 21

Military Industry Complex

Answer 21

A threat to a country’s democracy, it involves its defense departments and private businesses that supply them with arms that become numerous and more focused on than a country’s citizens because militarism and territories become more important than domestic lives.