Unit 8.4 - Spread of Communism after 1900 Flashcards
Land Reform
A socialist/communist term for redistributing land from the wealthy to the poor
What often caused there to be a small, powerful land-owning class and a large peasant class who owned little or no land?
Feudalism, capitalism, and colonialism
In what countries was land reform a big problem?
Asian and Latin American countries like China, Iran, Vietnam, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Bolivia, and Venezuela
How Chinese Communist Leader Mao Zedong won support
He redistributed land to the people, built schools and hospitals, and punished soldiers who mistreated citizens
In 1945, the communists defeated the nationalists and set up the _____ ______ ______ ______
People’s Republic of China
Mao ordered the ______ of Chinese industries
nationalization
Mao created _____ ______ _____ based on the Soviet model which emphasized _____
five years plans; heavy industry (instead of consumer goods)
Compare Mao’s Great Leap Forward to Stalin’s collectivization policy in the 1930s.
Both turned their farmlands into communes and focused on industrializing more than their food sources leading to famines which they didn’t do anything about. Both continued to export and sell their food leading to the deaths of millions.
Communes
Government-owned agricultural land
Was Mao’s Great Leap Forward more successful than Stalin’s collectivization policy?
No, both ended in many deaths
How Mao’s Cultural Revolution was similar to Satlin’s purges in the 1930s
Both dealt with the mass murdering or changing of anyone who was against their policies. Secret police were used to find these people, whether they were in the government and said they supported the party or anyone in public who didn’t seem revolutionary enough, these people were killed or re-educated in order to cover up their past faults
Red Guards
Revolutionary college students who seized anyone, government officials to teachers, and sent them to the countryside to be re-educated through hard physical labor and pressure/manipulation
How Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran attempted land reform during the White Revolution
His reforms included recognizing women’s suffrage, creating a social welfare system, funding literacy programs, and land ownership.
Was Reza Pahlavi’s policies successful?
No, he received opposition from landowners who had been forced to sell their land, peasants who didn’t get any land, and religious conservatives.
Why Jacob Arbenz’s attempt to reform Guatemala’s land was unsuccessful
The United Fruit Company felt threatened and got the U.S. government to remove him from power
