Unit 8.6 - Newly Independent States

Question 1

What happened to the number of independent states from 1945-2000?

Answer 1

It nearly doubled from around 75 independent states to 190

Question 2

Effects of the boundaries of new states

Answer 2

It led to conflicts, population displacement, and resettlement

Question 3

Zionist Movement

Answer 3

A movement caused by the Dreyfus Affair, which was used as proof that Jews were not given safety and equal opportunities in European societies which is why they needed their own homeland

Question 4

Dreyfus Affair

Answer 4

A military captain in the French army named L’Affaire Dreyfus was executed because false evidence which was plotted because he was a Jew

Question 5

Anti-Seimitism

Answer 5

hostility or prejudice against Jews

Question 6

Zionists

Answer 6

Jewish people who wanted a Jewish homeland (advocated for an independent Jewish state)

Question 7

Major event that caused the UN to create Israel in 1948

Answer 7

The Holocaust

Question 8

The redrawing of _____ and creation of _____ _____ sometimes led to…

Answer 8

boundaries; new states; conflict.

Question 9

Examples (3) of new boundaries/states leading to conflict

Answer 9

The Suez Crisis (and the independence of Egypt) started conflict between the Egyptians and France and Britain, who supported Israel to go and invade them; the Six-Day War with Israel against Egypt, Syria, and Jordan who were upset with the creation of Israel, and the Yom Kippur war with Israel against Egypt and Syria. Palestine was also upset with Israel’s creation because it occupied the land they were promised to have.

Question 10

Pol Pot

Answer 10

Leader of Khmer Rouge which took control of Cambodia

Question 11

What Pol Pot did to the Cambodian civil population

Answer 11

Established a communist government and started a cultural revolution, killing intellectuals and dissenters. Famine also occurred and over two million people died.

Question 12

Palestinian Liberation Organization

Answer 12

Example of nationalism; a group that rejected peace between Israel and Egypt because they wanted all of their land back and to create Palestine

Question 13

Two factions Palestine split into

Answer 13

Fatah and Hama

Question 14

Evidence (3) that new boundaries/states in South Asia led to conflict and the displacement of large populations

Answer 14

With the independence of Combodia, there was conflict between Pot Por/the Khmer Rouge and those who opposed them and so Vietnam interfered to help stabilize them. In India, under British colonialism, the country was split into India (Hindu) and Pakistan (Muslim). Conflict over their borders arose and people moved, either away from both countries or back to one side. They also fought over Kashmir because it was a region they both claimed with a Hindu leader but mainly Muslim population.

Question 15

Government’s role in newly independent states

Answer 15

They guided the economy

Question 16

Evidence of the Sirimavo Bandaranaike guiding Sri Lanka

Answer 16

When she came back into power as the prime minister, she instituted policies such as land reforms, restrictions on free enterprise, and a constitution in order to help Sri Lanka’s economy

Question 17

Evidence of Indira Gandhi guiding India

Answer 17

As prime minister, she established a 20-point economic program which lessened inflation, reformed laws that were corrupt, and increased national production

Question 18

Evidence of Julius Nyerere guiding Tanzania

Answer 18

In line with ujamaa (familyhood in Swahili) principles, Julius as president instituted literacy campaigns, free education, and collective farming. He also tried to pull Tanzania away from foreign aid so that they were more independent

Question 19

Metropoles

Answer 19

Large cities of a former colonial power

Question 20

Examples (3) of people from newly independent states moving to metropoles

Answer 20

Immigrants from Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh moved to London, the Vietnamese to Paris/other French cities, and Filipinos to the US

Question 21

How was what England did to Israel similar to what it did to India

Answer 21

Both involved two groups of people wanting their own independent state. The establishment of Israel, invaded the land Palestinians wanted for their own land and so conflict arose between them and in India, it was split into India and Pakistan but neither was satisfied with their boundaries and fought over them.

Question 22

First Prime Minister of Sri Lanka

Answer 22

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

Question 23

First Prime Minister of India

Answer 23

Indira Ghandi

Question 24

First President of Tanzania

Answer 24

Julius Nyerere

Question 25

Leader of Zionist Movement

Answer 25

Theodor Herzl