Unit 8.5 - Decolonization after 1900 Flashcards
Example of a nationalist party
The Indian Nation Congress
Autonomy
The right to self government
How did nationalist groups and leaders challenge imperialism?
Through land reform, political negotiation, and armed struggles
Indian National Congress’ tactics to gain autonomy from imperial rule?
They negotiated politically and used noncooperation/civil disobedience movements. Ghandi also called for unity between the Muslims and Hindus
Muslim League
A group of people who wanted a separation nation for Indian Muslims
Was the Muslim League successful? Why/Why Not?
Yes, it was successful. Scared to be in an independent India ruled by Indian Hindus, they campaigned and established Pakistan as an independent country for themselves.
Ghana (British colony)’s Type of Resistance
Violent
Kwame Nkrumah
First president of Ghana
What Kwame Nkrumah advocated for and what it means
Pan-Africanism; the celebration of unity of cultures and ideas throughout the continent
To promote his vision, Nkrumah founded the ______
Organization of African Unity
Algeria (French Colony)’s Type of Resistance
Violent
Why France was reluctant to give Algeria self-determination
There were many French citizens living there as settlers so France said they could not be a separate country
National Liberation Front and what tactics they used to kill the French
Led the Algerian War for Independence and killed the French through guerilla warfare
Single Party State
A state where only one party has the right to govern
Similarities between Ghana and Algeria
Both faced oppression under military rule and struggled between being a multiparty or single-party state.
Senegal, Ivory Coast, Niger, and Upper Volta (French Colony)’s Type of Resistance
Peaceful
What France did for their African colonies
Added to their infrastructures through highways, railroads, and schools
Charles de Gaulle
French president who gave Algeria autocracy
Differences between Ghana and Algeria
Ghana established a new constitution to peacefully transfer power between governments while Algeria faced increased religious conflicts
Leader of the communist Vietnamese Resistance Movement
Ho Chi Minh (got power through nationalist feelings)
Result of peace treaty in Vietnam
Country split into two halves, northern Vietnam being communist
Viet Cong
Southern Vietnamese who supported communism
Vietnam’s Type of Resistance
Violent
Egypt’s Type of Resistance
Peaceful
Country Egypt made the Anglo-Egyptian with for greater autonomy
Britain, it also kept British soldier sin Egypt to protect the Suez Canal
Gamal Abdel Nasser (overthrew Egyptian king) was a great proponent of _____-_____
Pan-Arabism
Pan-Arabism
A movement promoting the cultural and political unity of Arab nations
Communism
The cultural and political unity of working people
Nigeria (British colony)’s Type of Resistance
Peaceful
Biafran Civil War
Caused by the Igbos, a mostly Christian tribe who tried to secede the northern Muslim government
Causes of Suez Crisis
Britain and France wanted control but France’s lease on it symbolized colonial exploitation for the Egyptians. When Nasser seized it and the British and French tried to claim it again. The U.S. and Soviet Union used the United Nations to broker a resolution to it
Effects of Suez Crisis
It became an international waterway for all
What challenged colonial rule and inherited political boundaries after 1900?
Regional, religious, and ethnic motives
Example of a Regional Resistance Movement
Algeria, they wanted self-determination from the French but because there were so many French people living in Algeria, France didn’t want to give it to them
Example of a Religious-Motivated Resistance Movement
Nigeria, the Christians wanted a land of their own rather than be ruled by an overpowering Muslim government and India, between the Muslims wanting their own land rather than living under Hindu rule.
Example of an Ethical Motivated Resistance Movement
Ghana, the resistance and fight was between two groups, one wanting a single-party rule and the other wanting a multiparty state
What played a role in decolonization movements after WWII?
Nationalist movements
Examples (2) of large nationalist movements that advocated for change from 1900s to the present
Algerian War for Independence and Egypt with Pan-Arabism/Suez Crisis
