Unit 8- Clinical Psychology (12-16%) Flashcards
BiPolar Disorder
Alternating episodes of depression and mania
Mania
A characteristic of BiPolar Disorder. Extreme enthusiasm, elation, over active, little need for sleep, risky and poor decisions
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
A mood disorder characterized by depression that occurs at the same time every year, usually winter when there is less daylight
Learned helplessness
A behavior caused by an endured repeated painful stimuli that was unavoidable. This feeds depression
Hallucinations
Sensations without stimuli. Hearing voices, seeing, smelling, tasting, and feelings things that are not actually there
Delusions of Persecution
Being paranoid that harm is occurring or will occur. Believes they are being persecuted
Delusions of Grandeur
A false belief that one possesses superior qualities such as genius, fame, omnipotence, or wealth.
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Disorganized thinking, delusions, hallucinations, inappropriate emotions and actions like the flat affect and catatonia and disruptive social behavior
Dopamine Hypothesis
A theory that the positive symptoms (hallucinations and delusions) associated with schizophrenia can be explained by excess dopamine receptors in the brain
Tardive Dyskinesia
Caused by long-term use if neuroleptic drugs. Causes involuntary movements, such as grimacing and eye blinking
Panic disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations
Obsessive-complusive disorder(OCD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts(obsessions) and/or actions(compulsions)
Obsession
Inability of a person to stop thinking about a particular topic or feeling a certain emotion without a high amount of anxiety.
Compulsion
Repetitive, rule-based behavior that a person feels they must perform in order to feel normal and in some cases to prevent negative consequences from happening.
Phobias
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
Social Phobias(social anxiety disorder)
-An intense fear of being scrutinized by other -Avoid potentially embarrassing social situations, such as speaking up, eating out, or going to parties
Agoraphobia
Fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes -Given such fear, people may avoid being outside the home, in a crowd, on a bus, or on an elevator
Somatoform disorder
Psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic(bodily) form without apparent physical cause
Hypochondriasis
A somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease
Conversion disorder
A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found
Mood disorder
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
Major depressive disorder
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in a absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
Psychological disorder
Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.
Medical model
The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.
Anxiety disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
An anxiety disorder in which person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.
Panic Disorders
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.
Autism
A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others’ states of minds.
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)
A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Dissociative Identity Disorder
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities.
Fugue Disorder
A rare disorder where someone loses their identity often in response to an overwhelming or stressful situation
Psychopathology
The study of the origin, development, and manifestations of mental or behavioral disorders or the manifestation of a mental or behavioral disorder.
Psychoanalytic Perspective: causes of abnormal behavior
The perspective that suggests that abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression.
Psychological disorder
deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic free-floating anxiety and such symptoms as tension or sweating or trembling of light-headedness or irritability etc that has lasted for more than six months
Anterograde amnesia
A loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, while long-term memories from before the event remain intact.
Retrograde amnesia
A loss of memory-access to events that occurred, or information that was learned, before an injury or the onset of a disease.
Dissociative disorders
Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous thoughts, feelings, and memories.
Criticism of the DSM
- Normal problems are increasingly seen as pathology. -removal of MDD -lowering criteria for GAD -Removal of Asperger’s as 2nd dx 2. Influence from pharmaceutical industry 3. Shift attention to people who could do well without while those who need help don’t get it.
DSM-V
5 version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders set to be published in 2013; includes changes to many diagnostic categories (e.g. personality disorders) and more emphasis on severity of symptoms in diagnosis