Unit 7- Motivation, Emotion, and Personality (11-15%) Flashcards
Bulimia Nervosa
Emotional disorder with an obsessive desire to lose weight in which overeating is followed by depression, vomiting, and purging
Binge-eating disorder
Mental illness characterized by regular episodes of binge eating
Obesity
Condition of being grossly overweight
Set-point
Theory that the body has an internal control mechanism located in the hypothalamus in the brain that seeks to maintain current weight
Sexual response cycle stages
Excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Lewin: Approach- Approach Conflict
one of Kurt Lewin’s basic types of conflict; conflict dilemma where an individual is attracted to 2 appealing goals; the stress in this type of conflict is the fact that in choosing one desirable option, the individual must give up another desirable option
Lewin: Approach-Avoidance conflict
one of Kurt Lewin’s basic types of conflict; conflict dilemma where an individual is both attracted to and repelled by the same goal; the most common form of conflict; there is both good and bad about the goal; the tendency to avoid increases as an individual gets closer to the goal
Lewin: Avoidance- Avoidance conflict
one of Kurt Lewin’s basic types of conflict; conflict dilemma where an individual is attracted to 2 possibilities are undesirable or threatening and do not any positive features; people tend to “escape” the situation or choose the possibility which is the least worst or wait for the situation to resolve the conflict for the individual
Lewin: multiple approach-avoidance conflict
A conflict involving a choice between two or more options, each of which has both positive and negative aspects
James-Lange Theory of Emotion
the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotional arousing stimuli
Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion
The theory that an emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses, and the subjective experience of emotion
Schachter-Singer (two-factor) Theory of Emotion
the theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
General Adaptation Syndrome
Describes the general response people have to a stressful event.
Positive Psychology
The science and applications related to the study of psychological strengths and positive emotions
Social Readjustment Scale
For the chance of future illness/accident through by measuring the amount of “life change units” .
Facial Feedback
The idea that facial expressions trigger the experience of emotion
Catharsis
emotional release; in psychology, the hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
Feel-good, do good phenomenon
peoples tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood
Relative deprivation
the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares ones self
Psychoneuroimmunology
the interactions among behavioral, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes of adaptation; self vs. foreign
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes are white blood cells that travel in the blood stream and defend the body from abnormal cells, disease-causing bacteria and viruses.
Motivation
Feelings or ideas that cause us to act toward a goal
Instincts
automatic, involuntary, and unlearned responses
Arousal
we are motivated by activities that help us achieve our needed level of stimulation
Primary drives
biological needs (ex: thirst)
Instinct Theory of Motivation
all organisms are born with innate biological tendencies that help them survive. This theory suggests that instincts drive all behaviors
Arousal Theory of Motivation
we do more than react only to our bodies and the environment. We are curious and have an inner drive to “go further”
Drive Reduction Theory of Motivation
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Homeostasis
is the tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; theregulation of any aspect of body chemistry.
Yerkes- Dodson Law
we might perform well at an easy task with a very high arousal level the same high level would worsen our performance on a difficult task
Metabolism
the least number of physical and chemical processes with which an organism must maintain to maintain life
Basal Metabolic Rate
This is the rate that we burn energy when at rest. (Ex:)When semi-starved, people will see their basal metabolic rate drop by about a quarter. And thus, their weight drops then stabilizes at about 75% of their normal weight.
Environment Eating Cues
Some of us eat even though our hypothalamus is not sending us any cues. If you are motivated to eat by external cues, such as stress, smell, or just the fact that food is in front of you, then you are en external. If you are more motivated to eat by internal cues, empty stomach, feelings of hunger, then you are an internal.
Hypothalamus
Part of the brain that controls hunger and thirst (receives neural messages from the liver)
lateral hypothalamus
if stimulated, causes you to feel hunger
ventromedial hypothalamus
when stimulated, makes you feel full.
glucostatic theory
- it is considered a central theory of hunger motivation, specifically short-term hunger motivation -idea that our bodies are motivated to keep homeostatic balance in relation of blood glucose levels. - It is theorized that there are 2 areas in the hypothalamus that motivated us to eat or to stop eating thanks to glucoreceptors that determine when blood sugar levels are optimal
Lipostatic hypothesis
hunger that assumes that there is a “set-point” which defines the baseline weight of a person. -describes the process by which the body achieves this homeostasis -One of the key elements is leptin, a hormone found in bloodstream.
Refractory period
A period immediately following stimulation during which a nerve or muscle is unresponsive to further stimulation
Estrogen
Any group of steroid hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body
Testosterone
A steroid hormone that stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics, produced mainly in the testes
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Psychological, Safety, Love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
Self-Actualization
A realization of fulfillment of one’s talents and potential
Incentive theory of motivation
Theory that focuses on motivation, involves concepts of conditioning, homeostasis and positive reinforcement
Cognitive appraisal theory
Theory that emotions are extracted from our evaluations of events that cause specific reactions in different people
Extrinsic Motivation
Behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money